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Abu 20 Abu he amazed, when, on the paper heing examined, there was found in it a minute specification of the precise spot through which he penetrated ! Hereupon the prince with horror denounced this learned man as a sorcerer, and commanded him to he instantly thrown out of the window. The harharous sentence was presently executed : but care had been taken to prepare beneath a soft cushion, into which the body of the sage sank without sustaining any injury. Abu-Raihan was then called before the monarch, and was required to say whether by his boasted art he had been able to foresee these events, and the treat- ment through which he had that day passed. The learned man immediately desired his tablets to be sent for, in which were found regularly predicted the whole of these singular transactions. He travelled into dif- ferent countries, and to and from India for the space of 40 years. He wrote many works, and is said to have executed several translations from the Greek and epitomized the Almajest of Ptolemy. His works are said to have exceeded a camel load. The most valuable of all his works is the " Tarikh-ul-Hind." Another of his works is the Kanun Mas'iidi, dedicated to Sultan Mas'ud of Ghazni, for which he received an elephant-load of silver coins. He lived in the time of Sultans Mahmud and Mas'ud Ghaznawi, and died in the year 1039 A. D., 430 A. H. For further notes vide Dowson, Elliot's Histy. of India, II, 1.] Abu-Sa'id, '*^:*'«^^', the son of 'AbduUah, an Arabian poet who flourished in the court of Salah-ud-dm, and was his prime minister. He died in the year 1201 A. D., 597 A. H. Abu-Sa'id, ts'^^ V^^^ '^•i*** the son of Kulaih Shashi, author of the book called " Masnad Kabir." He died in 946 A. D., 335 A. H. Abu-Sa'id 'Abdul-Malik bin-Kuraib, (jjJ (_i^Ji*Jl(>xs (>>JJ^w yi), commonly called Asma'i, cele- brated for his grammatical knowledge and eloquence. He was born in the year 740 A. D., 122 A. H., and flourished in the time of Al-Mansur, khalifa of Baghdad (who reigned from 754 to 775 A. D.), and died at Basra during the reign of Harun-ur-Raslud, or, as some authors say, in A. H. 216 (A. D. 832). Abu-Sa'id 'Abdur-Raliman bin-Mamun al-Muta- waUi, author of the "Faraiz Mutawalli", a treatise on the law of inheritance according to Shafi'i's doctrine. He died A. D. 1085, 478 A. H. Abu-Sa'id Baizawi, L5'j^i^ '^i*-'-?^', or Kazi Abu- Sa'id 'Abdullah Baizawi, author of the work called " Ni- zam-ut-Tawarikh," an epitome of Oriental History from Adam to the overthrow of the Khilafat by the Tartars under Hulaku Khan A. D. 1258, 674 A. H., written about the year 1275. Vide Baizawi. Abu-Sa'id Fazl-ullab, J'^^ '^^y}, son of Abul- Khair, a great Sufi, of Mahna. His spiritual guide was Abul-Fazl Lukman of Sarakhs. He devoted himself to ascetic exercises and spent fourteen years in the wilder- ness. He is the author of the Quatrains, called Ruba iy&t- i-Abu-Sa'id Abul-Khair. He died at the age of 44 in the year 1068 A. D., 440 A. H. Abu-Sa'id Khan Bahadur, j^^^l)'. J)i>>.i:}^'^'i^y'., a Sultan of the family of Hulaku Khan, was the son of Oljaitu, commonly called Muhammad Khuda-banda, whom he succeeded to the throne of Persia in December 1316 A. D., Shawwal 716 A. H., when he was only twelve years of age. In his time Rashfd-ud-din, the author of the Jami'-ut-Tawarikh, was put to death. This monarch may be termed the last of the dynasty of Hulaku Khan who enjoyed any power. The few princes of that sover- eign's family who were raised to the throne after Abu- Sa'id were mere pageants, whom the nobles of the court elevated or cast down as it suited the purposes of their ambition. Abu-Sa'id reigned 19 lunar years, and died of fever on the 30th November 1335 A. D., 13th Rabi' II, 736 A. H. The following is a Hst of the princes of the family of Chingiz Khan, who were raised to nominal power after the death of Abu-Sa'id Kian. Arpa Khan (Mu'izz-uddin) was crowned in 1335, reigned five months, and was killed in battle in 1336 A. D. Musa Khan was elevated in 1336, reigned two years, and was murdered in 1338 A. D. Saki, sister of Abu-Sa'id Khan, was elevated to the throne in 1338. She was married to Jahan Timur who got the kingdom as her dowry, but was deposed the same year. After him Sulaiman Khan was declared king ; he left the kingdom and went to Diyar-bakr in 1344. Nausherwan was elevated in 1334. Abu-Sa'id Mirza, jyo <Xx**i y j^lkl^a^ (Sultan) the son of Sultan Muhammad Mirza, son of Miranshah, son of Amir Timur (Tamerlane). He was born in 1427 A. D. After the death of his father in 1441, he continued to live with Mu'za Ulugh Beg, son of Mirza Shahrukh at Samar- kand, and served in his army when he was at war with his son Miiza 'Abdul-Latif ; but when that prince was murdered by his unnatural son in October 1449 A. D., Ramazan, 853 A. H., and he in his turn was slain after six or seven months by his ovm soldiers, and Samar- kand was taken possession of by Mirza 'Abdullah, son of Mirza Ibrahim and grandson of Mirza Shahrukh, Abu- Sa'id with the assistance of Abu-Khair Uzbak having defeated and taken 'Abdullah prisoner in a battle, put him to death and ascended the throne of Samarkand in 1451 A. D., 855 A. H. He also took possession of Khurasan after the death of Babar Sultan, son of Bayasanghar Mirza in 1457, 861 A. H., and greatly extended his dominions, but was at last taken prisoner in an ambus- cade, and put to death on the 8th February, 1469 A. D., 2oth Rajab, 873 A. H., after he had reigned 18 years. After his death. Sultan Ilusain Baikra, sumamed Abul- Ghazi, a descendant of Amir Timur, made himself master of the empire. Abu-Sa'id at his death left eleven sons, viz., Mirza Sultan Ahmad, Mirza Sultan Mahmud, Mirza Sultan Muhammad, Mirza Shahrukh, Mirza Ulugh Beg, Mirza 'Umar Shaikh, Mirza Aba-Bakr, Mirza Sultan Murad, Mirza Sultan Khalfl, Mirza Sultan Wah'd, and Mirza, Sultan 'Umar ; of whom four arrived to the dignity of kings, viz. Mirza Ulugh Beg to the throne of Kabul ; Mirza Sultan Ahmad to the kingdom of Samarkand ; Mirza 'Umar Shaikh to the united thrones of Andijan and Farghana ; and Mirza Sultan Mahmud to those of Kundiiz and Badakhshan. Abu-Sa'id Mirza, says Babar Shah, though brought up in the city, was illiterate and unrefined. Vide Genealogical Table attached to A'in Translation.] Abu-Sina Muhammad, author of the Arabic work called " Dakaik-ul-Hakaik," containing a collection of tradi- tions. Abu-Sina, ^i-"^', or Abu-' AH Sfna, whom we call Avi- cenna, was a famous Muhammadan physician and philo- sopher, who early applied himself to literature, botany, and mathematics. At the age of eighteen, he began to practise, and with such success that he became physician to the court of Baghdad. He was born in the city of Bukhara in 983 A. D., 373 A. H., and died at Hamadan in July, 1037, 427 A. H., aged 64 lunar years, with the character of a learned man but too much addicted to wine and effeminating pleasures. His books on Medicine, &c., were in number 100, now nearly all lost. He is also called Ibn-Sina. The following are the titles of his works. Of the Utility and Advantages of Sciences, 20 books. Of Innocence and Criminality, 2 books. Of Health and