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Ahma 25 Ahma horseman's mace, of nine or ten pounds weight, farther than any of his court. He was much given to sensual pleasures, and had 3000 concubines. He died on the 15th Novemher, 1617 A. D., loth Zil-ka'da, 1025 A. H., at the age of thirty, having reigned fourteen years. He was succeeded by his brother Mustafa I. Ahmad II, /^^L^^t son of Ibrahim, succeeded on the death of his brother Sulaiman II, in 1691 A. D., 1103 A. H., to the throne of Constantinople, and died ia 1695, 1106 A. H. He was succeeded by Mustafa II, son of Muhammad IV. Ahmad III, <X».=:'* ^ <^*=^, son of Muhammad IV, was placed on the throne of Constantinople in 1703 A. D., 1115 A. H., by the heads of a faction which had deposed his brother Mustafa II. He granted a fi-iendly asylum to Charles XII of Sweden, after the battle of Pultowa ; and the kindness and the hospitality which marked the whole of his Lutercourse with that unfortunate monarch, are entitled to the highest encomium. He was preparing an expedition against Persia, when an insurrection hurled him from his throne, and exalted his nephew Mahmud I from a prison to the sovereign power in 1730 A. D., 1142 A. H. He died of apoplexy in 1736, aged 74 years, 1148 A. H. Ahmad IV, o-^skt <iu«.2wt^ (also called 'Abdul-Hamid), son of Ahmad III, emperor of Turkey, succeeded his brother Mustafa III in 1774 A. D., 1188 A. H. He died after a reign of 15 years on the 7th April, 1789, Eajab 1203 A. H., and was succeeded by Salim III. Ahmad, <J>4,i^|^ an Arabian author who is known as the writer of a book on the interpretation of dreams, a transla- tion of which iu Greek and Latin was published vnth that of Artemidorus on the same subject, at Paris, by Eigault 'a. D. 1603. He lived in the 4th century of the Hijra. Ahmad Abu-Tayyib al-Mutanabbi, t^i-b ^Jt a celebrated Arabian poet whom none excelled in poetry. He is the author of a Diwan. He died in the year 965 A. D., 354 A. H. ; vide Mutanabbi. Ahmad al-Ghafifari, ; vide Ahmad bin-Mu- hammad al-Ghaffari (p. 26). Ahmad 'Ali Hashimi, ^^^lit <x*a.f (Shaikh), author of the Biographical Dictionary, called Makhzan-ul- Gharaib", dedicated to Nawab Safdar-Jang of Faizabad, who died in 1754 A. D., 1167 A. H. His poetical name was Kiadim. Ahmad 'Ali Khan, Nawab of Eampur; vide Faix-ullah Khan. Ahmad 'Ali Khan, J-^J-^ '^=^ v!y> Nawab of Kamal. A remission of revenue to the extent of Es. 6,000 per annum was granted to him in perpetuity by the British Government, and a khil'at of the value of Es. 10,000 was conferred on him, in July 1858, for his distinguished loyalty and for the eminent services rendered by him during the rebellion of 1857. In 1806, the Pargana of Karnal consisted of a number of villages, yielding a revenue of Es. 40,000 per annum. It was conferred by Lord Lake in jagir on three Mandal chiefs, named Muhammadi Khan, Ghau-at 'All Khan, and Is-hak Khan, for their lives, and after their death to descend to their heirs, subject to the payment of Es. 15,000 per annum in perpetuity. Nawab Ahmad 'AH Khan is the lineal descendant of Muhammadi Khan, and holds 24 entire villages, besides a 3rd share in four others. These lands are assessed at Es. 24,000, on which the Nawab has hitherto paid a quit rent of Es. 5.000, payment of which sum the Government has now remitted. Ahmad 'Ali Khan, vXa-*.^ (Sayyid), Nawab- Nazim of Bengal, succeeded his brother 'Ali-Jah. He died on the 30th October, 1824 A. D. Ahmad 'Ali Khan, and Walidad Khan, the rebel Nawabs of Malagarh. Ahmad Ayaz, Malik Khwaja Jahan, served with distinc- tion under Muhammad Shah bin-Tughluk of Dihli. On the death of the king at Tatta, in A. H. 752 (A. D. 1352), he tried to set up at Dihli a son of the late king, but had to submit to Firiiz Shah III, who allowed the nobles to execute him before he himself entered Dihli.] Ahmad Bakhsh Khan, (Nawab), entitled Fakhr-ud-daula, was the jagirdar of Firuzpiir and Loharu in the district of Dihli, after whose death his son Nawab Shams-uddia Khan succeeded him. The latter was executed for murder in October, 1835. Ahmad Barani, ^J'Ji author of a Persian work, called " Sifr-us-Siyar." Ahmad Beg Kabuli, served in Kabul under Muhammad Hakim, Akbar's brother, and later under Akbar and Ja- hangfr. He was for some time governor of Kashmir. He died about A. D. 1614.] Ahmad Beg Khan, a son of (Muhammad Sharif) Nur Jahan' s brother. He served under Jahangir in Bengal, assisted 1 rince Shahjahan during his rebellion, and was subsequently made by Shahjahan governor of Tatta, Siwistan, and of Multan. He received as jagir Jais and Amethi in Audh, where he died.] Ahmad bin-'Abdullah al-Kirmi, ^h'^ i^. author of a work on the fundamental points of Muham- madanism. Vide Abii-Ahmad, the son of Kasim. Ahmad bin-Abu-Bakr, ^ c^-' '^^'l, an Arabian author who wrote the " Mashra'-ul-iilanakib", a minute account of the events of Muhammad's life, with memoirs of his successors and companions. Ahmad bin-Abu-Bakr bin-Wasir Mustafa al- Kazwini, ^^^^^1 i^-^', author of the "Tarikh-i- Guzida", which contains the history of the four ancient Persian Dynasties, viz. Peshdadians, Kaianians, Ashka- nians, and Sasanians, that is, from the year 890 B. C. to 636 A. D., and memoirs of the several dynasties who ruled over Persia, Tartary, &c., during the kliiliifat, and to the year 1329 A. d" See also called Hamd-ullah Mustaufi. Ahmad bin-'Ali Razi, (Shaikh), c53'j ^-i^ sumamed Jassas, a famous lawyer. He was bom in the year 917 A. D., 305 A. H., and died in 980 A. D., 370 A. H., aged 65 lunar years. Ahmad bin-'Ali al-Khatib Kastalani, vi^^'cs^* tU'^ i^*^! ; vide Kastalani. Ahmad bin-Hasan Maimandi, c5'^'*^"* ur~'=^ i^i '^*^, (Khwaja) foster brother and feUow student of his sovereign Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. On the remo- val of Abul-' Abbas Fazl, two years after the succession of Mahmud, Khwaja Ahmad was appointed prime mini- ster, which office he held uninterruptedly for a period of 18 years, when Altuntash, the commander-in-chief, and a number of other Ajnirs, brought before the court of the T