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Ahma 27 Ahma the last khalifa of Egypt having assassinated his predeces- sor, and thereby rendered, himself very odious. In the year 933, Muhammad the son of Taj, or Tajfl, sumamed al-Ashhad, seized upon Syria and Egypt in the khilafat of ar-Eazi Billah, and his family retained the whole of it, except a small part which 'Ubaid-uUa al-Mahdi, the first of the Fatimite dynasty (the seat of whose empire was at Kaimwan near Tunis) had conquered in A. D. 910. His successor Abu-Tamim Ma'd, surnamed Mu'izz li-dm-illah, conquered the rest of Egypt about the year 970, by his general Ja'far, who built the city of al-Kahira, commonly called Grand Cairo, whither his master soon removed his court. The Fatimite dynasty ended in A. D. 1176, when, upon the death of the last prince of this family, the king- dom was usurped by the famous Salah-uddin (Saladin). List of the Khalifas of Barlary. 'Ubaid-ullah al-Mahdi, first of the Fatimite race. Al-Kaim Mahdi, his son. Isma'il, surnamed al-Mansur, son of al-Kaim. Mu'izz li-dm-illah, son of al-Mansur, who conquered Egypt and became the first khalifa of the Fatimite dynasty in that country. Alliuad Ilkani, j^jiWjf i^*!^!^ also called Ahmad Jalayir ; vide Hasan Buzui-g. Ahmad Jafari, i^y^ '^■^y, (Khwaja) vide Ahmadi. Ahmad Jalal Bukhari, (Sayyid) son of Sayyid Muhammad Bukhari. Ahmad Jalayir, 51=.- ii>*^|^ also called Ahmad Ilkani, a descendant of Hasan Buzurg, which see. Ahmad Jam, ^•^^^S, (Shaikh ul-Islam) entitled Abu- Nasr and Zinda-Pil, a celebrated Muhammadan saint of Nishapiir, born in the year 1049 A. D., 441 A. H. He passed 18 years of his life in devotion in wilds and moun- tains. He subsequently got married, and was blessed with 39 sons and 3 daughters. At the time of his death, besides the 3 daughters, 14 of his sons were living, all of whom became men of learning and authors of several works. Ahmad Jam himself was an author, and among the dif- ferent works that he wrote, are the following : " Risala Samarkand!", " Anis-ut-Talib'm", " Miftah-un-Najat", " Bahr-ul-Hakikat", and " Siraj-us-Sayirin". He died in the reign of JSultan Sanjarin February, 1142 A. D., Eajab 636 A. H. Ahmad Jan (Sultan) of Hirat. He died about the 6th of April 1863, 17th Shawwal 1279 A. H., and was succeeded by his son Shah Nawaz Khan. Ahmad Kabir, j'i^ '^i-^j (Sayyid) a Musalman saint, whose tomb is at Uchcha in Multan. He is the son of Sayyid Jaliil, and the father of two other saints Sayyid Jalaluddin, surnamed Makbdiim Jahaniyan Jahan-gasht, and Rajii Kattal. Numerous miracles were wrought by these two brothers. Ahmad Khan, (Sayyid) C. S. I., of 'Alfgarh, a distinguished Muhammadan reformer. He wrote a book on the hfe and work of the Prophet, and founded the 'AUgarh College. Ahmad Khan, surnamed Nekodar (or Ni- cholas) was raised to the throne of Persia after the death of his brother Abaka Khan, the son of Hulaku Khan, in April, 1282 A. D., Zil-hijja, 680 A. H., and was the first emperor of the raoc of Lhiugiz Khan who embraced the Muhammadan religion. He is said to have been baptized in his youth by the name of Nicholas, but policy, or con- viction, led him to abandon the doctrine of Christ for that of Muhammad, when he assumed the name of Ah- mad Khan. In the first year of his reign, Majd-ul-Mulk Yazdf, a nobleman of his court, being accused of sorcery, lost his life. He put his own brother to death, and was successful in obtaining possession of the person of his nephew, Arghun Khan : but that prince was not only rescued from his violence by the Mughul nobles, but by their aid was enabled to deprive him of his crown and life on the night of Thursday, 11th August 1284 A. D., 26th Jumada I, 683 A. H., and become his suc- cessor. Ahmad Khan Bangash, i^+^t, second son of Muhammad Khan Bangash, Nawab of Farrukhabad. When the Wazir Safdar- J ang, after the death of Kaim- Jang, the brother of Ahmad Khan, confiscated his estates in December 1749, A. D., 1163 A. H., he (Ahmad Khan) collected an army of Afghans, defeated raja Nawal Pai, the Wazfr's deputy, who was slain in the action, and re- covered the territories lately seized from his family. This circumstance took place on the 2nd August 1750, Friday, 10th Eamazan, 1163 A. H. After this, Ahmad Khan governed his country about 22 lunar years, and died in November 1771, Sha'ban, 1185 A. H., when he was succeeded by his son Diler Himmat Khan, who received the title of Sluzaffar-Jang fi-om the emperor Shah ' Alam, who was then on his way to Dihli from Allah- abad. Ahmad Khan Mewati, one of the petty rulers (muliik-i taivaif) who had usurped the chief parts of the Dihli empire, during the Sa3'yid dynasty (beginning of the 15th century). Ahmad Khan held Mewat, his frontier coming close up to Dihli. He had to submit to Buhliil Lodi.] Ahmad Khan Sur ; vide Sikandar Khan Siir. Ahmad Khattu, '^♦='1 (Shaikh) surname of Wajih-uddin Ahmad Maghribi, who was the son of Malik Ikhtiyar-uddin, a nobleman at the com-t of Sultan Frruz Shah Tughluk of Dihli, and related to him. After the death of his father, having squandered his wealth in pleasure and dissipation, he became a disciple of Shaikh Baba Is-hak Maghribi, and turned very pious and journeyed to Gujrat, where he acqiured great fame. Dui'ing his residence at that place, he obtained such celebrity, that Sultan Muzaff'ar Gujrati became his disciple. He died in that country in the reign of Sultan Muham- mad of Gujrat, on Thui'sday, 6th of January 1446, 8th Shawwal 849 A. H., aged 111 years, and was buried at Sarkich, near Ahmadabad. Khattu is a place in Nagor, where Shaikh Ahmad was born. Ahmad bin-Khizrawaih, ""i^r*^ 'i-*^', a celebrated Muhammadan saint, was the disciple of Khwaja Hatim Asamm. He died in the year 854 A. D., 240 A. H., and is biu'ied at Balkh. Ahmad Maghribi, vide Ahmad Khattu (Shaikh). Ahmad Mirza, Ij ^^LkL.^ (Sultan), son of Abu- Sa'id Mirza, after whose death, in 1469, he took possession of Samarkand, and died about the year 1495 A. D. Ahmad (Mulla), the son of a kazf of Tatta. His ancestors who resided in Sindh, were Faruki's of the Ilanffa sect, but he was a Shf a. He is the author of a work, called " Khulasat-ul-Hayat", the Essence of Life. He came fiom the Dakhin to the court of the emperor Akbar, in the year 1582 A. D., 990 A. H., and when that monarch ordered the " Tarikh-i-Alfi" to be compiled, several autliors were employed in the compilation, but subsequently the