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Ardisher 53 Arzami Ardisher, j^i>:)^, (or Artaxerxes) II succeeded his father Shahpur II in the year 380 A. D., and sat on the throne of Persia only four years, during which period no Qvent of consequence occurred. He was deposed in 384 A, D., by his brother Shahpur III, who succeeded him. Ardisher, j'^^ij^, (or Artaxerxes) III, a king of Persia, of the Silsanian race, who reigned about the year 629 A. D., at Sheroya. Ardisher Darazdast, '-^'^ij^j^ j-h'^'^j'j an ancient king of Persia, the Artaxerxes Longitnanus of the Greeks, surnamed Bahman, was the son of Isfandiar. He suc- ceeded his grandfather, Gashtasp, as king of Persia in 464 B. C. He is celebrated for the wisdom he displayed in the internal regulation of his empu'e. In the com- mencement of the reign of this monarch, the celebrated Rustam was slain by the treachery of his brother. This prince is named Ahasuerus in Scripture, and is the same who married Esther, and during the whole of his reign shewed the greatest kindness to the Jewish nation. The long reign of this monarch includes that of two or more of his immediate successors, who are not noticed by Persian writers. According to them, he ruled Persia 112 years, and was succeeded by his daughter Queen Humai. Arglltlii Khan, {J-=^ the son of Abaka Khan and grandson of Halaku Khan, was raised to the throne of Persia after the murder of his uncle Ahmad Khan, sur- named Nekodar, in August, 1284 A. D., Jamad I, 683 A. H. His reign was marked by few events of conse- quence. He recalled the celebrated Shams-ud-din Mu- hammad Sahib Diwan his father's wazir, who, disgusted with court, had retired to Isfahan : but this able minister was hardly re-established in his office, before his enemies persuaded the prince that he had actually poisoned his father ; and the aged waz'ir was in the same year made over to the public executioner. Ami'r Buka, the rival of Shams-ud-din, rose, upon his fall, to such power that he was tempted to make a grasp at the crown : but he was unsuccessful, and lost his life in the attempt. Ai-ghun Khan died on Saturday the 10th of March, 1291 A. D., 5th Rabi' I, 690 A. H., after a reign of 6 years and 9 months, and was succeeded by his brother Kaijaptu or Kaikhatu. Arghun Shah Jani Kurbani, ts^'i^-* c5^^=^ e^jijt (Amu.-) who reigned in Naishapur and TuS about the year 1337 A. D., and was defeated by the Sarbadals of Sabzwar. 'Arif, '^J-^> the poetical name of the son of Ghulam Husain Khan. He was an excellent Urdu poet of Dehli', and died in 1852 A. D., 1268 A. H. 'Arifl, t£^j'^ (Maulana) a Persian poet who flourished in the time of the wazir khwaja Muhammad bin Is-hak, and wrote a work in his name called " Dah Nama." He lived in the 9th century of the Hijri era. 'Arm, i^J-", (Maulana) son of Mubarik Maskhara, was a learned Musalman, and was living in 1580 A. D., 988 A. H., when he wrote a chronogram on the death of Kasim Kahi who died in that year, during the reign of the emperor Akbar. Arjumand Bano Begam, f^^. '^^♦^tJ^ entitled Mumtaz Mahal (now corrupted into Taj Mahal, and Taj B'lbi) was the favorite wife of the emperor Shah Jahan, and daughter of 'Asaf Khan, wazir, the brother of the celebrated Niir Jahan Begam. She was born in the year 1592 A. D., 1000 A. H., and married to the prince Mirza Khurram (afterwards Shah Jahan) in 1612 A. D., 1021 A. H,, by whom she had several childi-en. She died in 14 child-bed a few hours after the birth of her last daughter, named Dahar A'ra, on the 7th of July, 1631 O. S., 17th Zil-hijja 1040 A. H., at Burhanpiit in the Dakhan, and was at first buried there in a garden called Zainabad, and afterwai'ds her remains were removed to Agra, where a most splendid mausoleum was built over her tomb, all of white marble decorated with mosaics, which for the richness of the material, the chasteness of the design, and the effect at once brilliant and solemn, is not surpassed by any other edifice either in Europe or Asia, It was completed in 1645 A. D., 1055 A. H, and is now called the "Taj," or " Taj Mahal," which is said to have cost the enormous sum of £750,000. The chronogram of her death contains in the word " Gham," or Grief. She was also called Kudsia Begam. Arjun Singh, i^^j'j wae one of the three sons of Eaja Mansingli. Vide Ain Translation, I, 485. Arpa Khan, 'v^'? one of the princes of the Tartar family, was crowned king of Persia after the death of Abu Said Khan Bahadur, in November, 1335 A. D., 736 A. H. He reigned five months and was killed in battle against Musi Khan in 1336 A. D., who succeeded him. Vide Abu Said Khan Bahadur. Arsalan Khan, title of Arsalan Kulf, the son of Alahwardi Khan I, was a nobleman in the sei-vice of the emperor Alamgir, and was living about the year 1696 A. D., 1108 A. H. Arsalan Shah, ^'■■^ J^>J^, the son of Sultan Jlasa'ud III of Ghazni. He murdered his brother Sherzad in 1115 A. D., 509 A. H., and having ascended the throne, he imprisoned all his other brothers excepting Bahi-am Shah, who fled to Khurasan and sought assistance of Sultan Sanjar his uncle. Sanjar in the year 1118 A. D., 512 A. H., marched to Ghazni and in a battle defeated Arsalan Shah, who made his escape to Labor but was soon after taken prisoner and put to death, when Bahram Shah ascended the throne. Arsalan Shah, a king of Khwarizm and son of Atsiz. Vide Alp' Arsalan. Arsalan Shah Saljuki, iJ^^^'" lU^r;'^ the son of Tughral II, and grandson of Sultan Muhammad, brother to Sultan Sanjar. Arsalan Shah died in January, 1176 A. D., 571 A. H. His son Tughral III who succeeded him, was the last Sultan of the family of the Saljukides who reigned in Persia. 'Arsh-Ashaiani, J^^^'^ the title given to the empe- ror Akbar I, after his death. 'Arshi, is'^J'^) whose proper name was Mir Muhammad Momin, was a brother of Mir Salah Kashifi the son of Mir Abdullah Mushkin Kalam Husaini, who was a cele- brated calligrapher under Jahangfr. Arshi is the author of a poem called " Shahid-Arshi," composed in the year 1659 A. D., 1070 A. H., also of another work entitled " Mehr wa Wafa," and of a Diwan. Artaxerxes, vide Ardisher. Arzami Dukht, '^^^ t/'^Jj'; a queen of the Persians, whose general named Mehran being killed in a battle against the Saracens, she was deposed by the prople, who placed Yezdijard III upon the throne in her stead, a young man of the royal family. But this did not much mend the matter, the government of the now king of theirs, being even more inauspicious than that of the queen ; for in her reigTi the confines of the empire were only invaded, but in his, all was entirely lost, and the whole kingdom and country of the Persians fell into the hands of the Musalmans. The accession of Yezdijard is