Notes
Protestants, 37.0 per cent.; Catholics, 61.3 per cent.; Jewish, 1.5 per cent. The students of schools beyond the compulsory public school stage were, however, divided as follows (Offenbacher, p. 16):
| Protestant. | Catholic. | Jews. | ||
| Per Cent. | Per Cent. | Per Cent. | ||
| Gymnasien | .. .. .. | 43 | 46 | 9.5 |
| Realgymnasien | .. .. .. | 69 | 31 | 9 |
| Oberrealschulen | .. .. .. | 52 | 41 | 7 |
| Realschulen | .. .. .. | 49 | 40 | 11 |
| Höhere Bürgerschulen | .. .. .. | 51 | 37 | 12 |
| Average | .. .. .. | 48 | 42 | 10 |
(In the Gymnasium the main emphasis is on the classics. In the Realgymnasium Greek is dropped and Latin reduced in favour of modern languages, mathematics and science. The Realschule and Oberrealschule are similar to the latter except that Latin is dropped entirely in favour of modern languages. See G. E. Bolton, The Secondary School System in Germany, New York, 1900.—Translator's Note.)
The same thing may be observed in Prussia, Bavaria, Würtemberg, Alsace-Lorraine, and Hungary (see figures in Offenbacher, pp. 16 ff.).
9. See the figures in the preceding note, which show that the Catholic attendance at secondary schools, which is regularly less than the Catholic share of the total population by a third, only exceeds this by a few per cent. in the case of the grammar schools (mainly in preparation for theological studies). With reference to the subsequent discussion it may further be noted as characteristic that in Hungary those affiliated with the Reformed Church exceed even the average Protestant record of attendance at secondary schools. (See Offenbacher, p. 19, note.)
10. For the proofs see Offenbacher, p. 54, and the tables at the end of his study.
11. Especially well illustrated by passages in the works of Sir William Petty, to be referred to later.
12. Petty's reference to the case of Ireland is very simply explained by the fact that the Protestants were only involved in the capacity of absentee landlords. If he had meant to maintain more he would have been wrong, as the situation of the Scotch-Irish shows. The typical relationship between Protestantism and capitalism existed in Ireland as well as elsewhere. (On the Scotch-Irish see C. A. Hanna, The Scotch-Irish, two vols.; Putnam, New York.)
13. This is not, of course, to deny that the latter facts have had exceedingly important consequences. As I shall show later, the fact
