Page:The Sources of Standard English.djvu/126

of 870 has had upon our tongue. I give a list of those Scandinavian words, used by him, which have kept their place in our speech.^[1]

Old English.	Scandinavian.	Orrmin.
Tynan	Angra	Anngrenn, to anger
Unscearp	Blunda, dormire	Blunnt
Ceapsetl	Bûdh	Boþe, booth
Fear	Boli	Bule, bull
Hræd	Buinn	Bun, ready[2]
Sniðan	Klippa	Clip, tondere
Searu	Krokr, uncus	Croc, a device
Sweltan	Deyja	Deʓe, die
Wunian	Dvelia, delay	Dwelle[3]
Afaran	Flytta	Flitte, remove
Paþ	Gata	Gate, path
Freme	Gagn, commodum	Gaʓhenn, gain
Gescrepelice	Gegnilega, conveniently	Geʓʓnlike[4]
Cræft	Ginna, seducere	Ginn, a contrivance
Ceápman	Okr, usury	Huccster[5]
Yfel	Illa	Ille, ill
Ticcen	Kid	Kide, capreolus
Tendan	Kinda	Kindle
Up-heah	á Lopti	o Lofft, aloft
Neát	Naut	Nowwt, nolt in Scotch
Sige	Overhaand	Oferrhannd, upper hand
Eax	Palöxi	Bulaxe, poll-axe

1. I give in my list the origin of a few Scottish phrases, and the reason why Yorkshiremen talk of the gainest way to a place.
2. A ship is outward bound.
3. We still have the old sense, ‘to dwell long upon a thought.’The sense of habitare has not quite driven out the sense of morari.
4. Hence comes our ungainly. But the verb ‘to gain’ is from theFrench gagner.
5. Ster was the sign of the feminine for hundreds of years afterthis time, at least in the South; we see a change at work whenOrrmin applies the ending ster to a man.