tolerated. None the less, manufacturing industry underwent notable expansion during Alexander's reign.
The development of home industries long proceeded side by side with that of industries pursued in factories. Some of the home industries were devoted to the satisfaction of everyday needs, but others were a domestic form of industrial enterprise. Not until the introduction of modern machinery and until the growth of railway communication, with its facilitation of exchange of commodities, was the parallelism of development between home industry and large-scale manufacture disturbed. The time when this change began coincided with that in which Nicholas was preparing for the liberation of the peasantry.[1]
§ 21.
THE reaction under Alexander and Nicholas was incompetent to arrest the development of modern Russian literature and journalism.
Romanticist sentimentalism and mysticism, replacing Voltairist classicism, accommodated themselves in the persons of their most notable exponents, Karamzin and Žukovskii,
- ↑ The following figures give a fairly accurate picture of the growth of large-scale industry in Russia:—
Year. Number of Factories. Number of Workmen. Value of Manufactures in
Millions of Roubles.1765 262 38,000 5 1801 2,423 95,000 25 1825 5,261 202,000 46 1854 9,944 460,000 160 1881 31,173 770,000 998 1893 22,483 1,400,000 1,760 1896 38,401 1,742,000 2,745 According to another statistical table, compiled to 1861, the figures are:—
Year. Number of Factories. Number of Workmen. 1762 984 — 1796 3,161 — 1815 4,189 172,882 1843 9,944 466,579 1861 14,148 522,500
