the Marxists are overshadowed by the wide divergence between the two camps in the historico-philosophical domain. The two trends are distinguished in respect of the philosophic foundations they attach to socialism, and as a political party the narodniki have since 1905 exhibited numerous transitional stages between the left and the right. Some of them incline towards liberalism, others towards Marxism and social democracy. Of the latter, again, some are revisionists, others orthodox revolutionary Marxists. As previously explained, the social revolutionaries, like their predecessors the adherents of the Narodnaja Volja, are likewise counted among the narodniki.[1]
III
§ 157.
FOR the understanding of Russian Marxism it will be advantageous, in view of the intimate mutual connection between Russian and European Marxism and especially between Russian and German Marxism, that we should give a brief account of the state of Marxism in Europe, concentrating our attention upon German Marxism. We shall discuss the crisis within the Marxist movement—for such is the aptest designation of the state of Marxism.[2]
- ↑ In illustration of these transitional phases it may be pointed out that after 1905 Voroncov joined the trudoviki. This group was distinguished from the folk-socialists by its tactical methods. As a writer, however, from 1900 onwards, Voroncov became connected with the liberal periodical "Věstnik Evropy," which previously he had fiercely attacked. Thus the views of the narodniki underwent development, and their position was modified. Of late Pěšehonov has been advocating a working alliance between the two socialist parties, between the social revolutionaries and the social democrats.
- ↑ In 1808 I gave a summary of the scientific, philosophical, and political situation within the Marxist movement. A more detailed consideration of the same theme will be found in the work which I published in German in 1809, The Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Marxism. My analysis has been confirmed by the subsequent history of Marxism, a history with which I have dealt in a number of essays. In the "Zeit" of Vienna during the years 1899 to 1901 appeared: Bernstein's Suppositions, Kautsky's Critique of Bernstein, The Millerand Affair, The Party Congresses of Stuttgart and Lübeck, The Revision of the Hainfeld Program. In the "{{lang|de|Wolfschen Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft" during the years 1904 to 1907 were published: the Viennese Marx-Studies, Lassalle by H. Oncken, the Ethics of A. Menger and of Kautsky, Vandervelde's Socialistic Essays. In the "Zeitschrift für Politik" for 1912 was published, Syndicalism and Democracy (Lagardelle and Sorel). I append this list of my own writings to justify myself for introducing a summary of my views into the present study.
