Conquest, 45, etc. Ho. 70; 30, 1, pp. 28, etc. Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 160, 229, 242, 245-6. Benton, View, i, 715, 718. Clark, First Regt., 12, etc. 316Sherman papers. Sen. 1; 29, 2, pp. 49-50, 65. Calif. Star, Mar. 6, 1847. London Times, Aug. 13-4, 1846. Sen. 1; 30, 1, pp. 55-7, 947. Sherman Letters, 39. Wise, Gringos, 47, etc. Hughes, Doniphan's Exped., 204-30, 244-8. 256Marcy papers. 247Larkin papers. Bancroft, Pacific States, xii, 478; xvii, 417, ete. 4Anador, Memorias, 172. 122Bidwell, California, 180. 210Hammond papers. Annals Amer. Acad., xii, 70-1 (R. D. Hunt). 349Watterston papers. 120Biddle papers. Cutts, Conquest, 65, 71, 123, 164, 248. Wash. Union, Sept. 30; Dec. 9, 1846. N. Y. Journ. of Commerce, Dec. 30, 1846. Diario, Oct. 16, 1846. Cong. Globe, 30, 1, p. 604 (Benton). Annals of the Am. Acad., xii, 71 (Hunt). Nat. Intelligencer, Sept. 22, 1846. Buchanan, Works, vii, 332. 132Buchanan papers. Hall, S. José, 154-6. Sherman, Home Letters, 96, 113. Id., Mems., 1, 29, 34, 56. Niles, Aug. 29, p. 416; Sept. 12, 1846, p. 20; Oct. 23, 1847, p. 115. Sen. 33; 30,1. Ho. Rep., 817; 30,1. Sen. 439; 29,1. Ho. 17; 31,1. Ho. 1; 30, 2, pp. 47, 51, 53, etc., 1037, 1069. Revere, Tour, 78. Sen. 7; 30, 1. Sen. Rep. 75; 30, 1, pp. 14-5. Sen. 31; 30, 2, pp. 23, 28-30. Sen. 18; 31, 1, pp. 398401. Tuthill, Calif., 208-13. Schafer, Pacific Slope, 269. Porter, Kearny, 31. Willey, Trans. Period, 66, 70. Royce, Calif., 197. 120Cits. to Biddle, Mar. 2, 1847. Tyler, Concise Hist., 202-52, 277, 288. Stockton, Life, 158. 372Hyde, statement. 70"Californias" (see Richman, California, for many of the most important). 76Pérez, Oct. 22. 76Comadurán to comte. gen. Sonora, Nov. 14; to Cooke, Dec. 16. 76Id., Nov. 21; Dec. 17. 76Cooke to Gándera, Dec. 18. 76Cuesta, Dec. 30, 1846; July 23, 1847. 76Estado, Tucson, Dec. 3, 1846. 76Limón to Cooke, [Dec. 16]; reply, [Dec. 16]. 76Cuesta to mil. comte. Arispe, Dec. 18. 76Vanguard section, estado, Dec. 23; etc.
For the Mormons see vol. i, p. 290. P. St. G. Cooke, acting as It. col., led the Mormon battalion from Santa Fe, New Mex., to California.
22. "Head Quarters of the Army, Tampico, February 19, 1847. General Orders, no. 20. 1. It may well be apprehended that many grave offences not provided for in the act of Congress 'establishing rules and articles for the government of the armies of the United States,' approved April 10, 1806, may be again committed — by, or upon, individuals of those armies, in Mexico, pending the existing war between the two Republics. Allusion is here made to atrocities, any one of which, if committed within the United States or their organized territories, would, of course, be tried and severely punished by the ordinary or civil courts of the land. 2. Assassinations; murder; malicious stabbing or maiming; rape; malicious assault and battery; robbery; theft; the wanton desecration of churches, cemeteries or other religious edifices and fixtures, and the destruction, except by order of a superior officer, of public or private property, are such offences. 3. The good of the service, the honor of the United States and the interests of humanity, imperiously demand that every crime, enumerated above, should be severely punished. (Paragraphs 4-6 demonstrate the necessity of a code supplemental to the rules and articles of war.) 7. That unwritten code is Martial Law, as an addition to the written military code, prescribed by Congress in the rules and articles of war, and which unwritten code, all armies, in hostile countries, are forced to adopt — not only for their own safety, but for the protection of the unoffending inhabitants and their property, about the theaters of
