district continually as inspectors of the public posts.[1] There was also a regular police patrol on the roads, called Irenarchs, whose duty it was to act as guardians of the peace.[2]
A Roman emperor of this age, as an admitted despot subjected to no constitutional restraints, could formulate and promulgate whatever measures commended themselves to his arbitrary will. But such authority, however absolute in theory, must always be restricted in practice by the operation of sociological laws. Although a prince with a masterful personality might dominate his subordinates to become the father or the scourge of his country, a feeble monarch would always be the slave of his great officers of state. Yet even the former had to stoop to conciliate the people or the army, and a sovereign usually stood on treacherous ground when attempting to maintain a balance between the two.[3] The army, as the immediate and effectual instrument of repression, was generally chosen as the first stay of the autocracy, and there are few instances of a Byzantine emperor whose throne was not on more than one occasion cemented with the blood of his subjects. But many a virtuous prince in his efforts to curb the licence of the troops lost both his sceptre and his life.[4]
The Council of the Emperor, besides the three Praefects already mentioned, consisted of five civil and of an equal number of military members, all of Illustrious dignity.[5] Their designations were severally: 1. Praepositus of the Sacred
- ↑ Curiosi; Cod. Theod., VI, xxix.
- ↑ Irenarchi; ibid., XII, xiv; Cod., X, lxxv.
- ↑ In no instance better exemplified than in that of Anastasius.
- ↑ Galba, Pertinax, Alexander, Probus, Maurice, etc.
- ↑ See their insignia and appointments in the Notitia; there was a separate set for the East and West even after the extinction of the Roman dynasty of the latter division.
