civil or military, but especially of the latter. Officially they are reckoned among the Foederati,[1] and are obliged to take an oath of allegiance, not only to their actual chief, but also to the Emperor.[2] Their number varied according to the rank and wealth of their employers, and in the case of the Praetorian Praefects, or the Masters of the Forces, might amount to several thousands.[3] In each company they were divided into two classes, named respectively the lancers and the shieldmen. The former were selected men who formed the personal guard of their leader, the latter the rank and file who were officered by them.[4] The lancers were invariably cavalry, the shieldmen not necessarily so. These satellites were recruited preferably amongst the Isaurians,[5] a hardy race of highlanders, who, though within the Empire, always maintained a quasi-independence in their mountain fastnesses, and devoted themselves openly to brigandage.[6] To check their depredations a military Count was always set over that region, which thus resembled a frontier rather than an interior province. A fleet of warships was not kept up systematically at this epoch, but in view of an expedition, owing to the small size of the vessels, a navy could be created in a few weeks.[7]
From the foregoing specification it will be perceived that
- ↑ Benjamin's essay is written to oppose this view which is favoured by Mommsen; op. cit., in both cases.
- ↑ Procopius, De Bel. Vand., ii, 18.
- ↑ Ibid., De Bel. Pers., i, 25; De Bel. Goth., iii, 1, etc.
- ↑ Ibid., De Bel. Vand., i, 17 ; ii, 19, etc.
- ↑ Cod., IX, xii, 10.
- ↑ Ammianus, xiv, 2; xxvii, 9, etc.
- ↑ Cassiodorus, Var. Epist., v, 16, 17. An order for 1,000 dromons was executed for Theodoric in an incredibly short time. "Renuntias completum quod vix credi potest inchoatum."
