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cases, however, the promotion of the Rector was due chiefly to the extension of his authority over a wider area. Some of the smaller provinces lying adjacent were annexed to each other, and received a single governor, especially those which had been previously known as "First" and "Second" of the same name.^[1] In general the power of those Rectors who did not take over the military command was augmented by granting them an official guard sufficient to render them incontestably superior to such of the local magnates as had previously terrorized the district by the multitude of their armed retainers.^[2] As the ordinary judge, the Rector's posi-*

[Footnote: precedence was only nominal, the Praetors, etc., being also of that

grade.]

↑ Cappadocia I, II; Nov. xxx. Palestine I, II; Nov. ciii. Libya I; II; Edict xiii, 19, 22, etc. Helenopontus to Pontus Polemoniacus, Nov. xxviii. (Here we get some geographical information as to the limits of the Empire on the N.E. J. remarks that Pityus and Sebastopolis are rather military outposts than towns proper.) Paphlagonia to Honorias; Nov. xxix. A peculiar enactment, apparently without precedent, was the creation of a "Praefect of the Islands" with civil and military command over five scattered provinces of both continents, viz., Scythia, Mysia, Caria, the Cyclades, and Cyprus; Nov. xli; l; see the remarks of Jn. Lydus on this appointment; op. cit., ii, 28. There seems also to have been a junction of Dardania and part of Macedonia; Nov. xi; cxxxi. For all we know the provinces may have been dealt with seriatim from first to last. Numberless Acts have been lost, as exemplified by the rescript of Anastasius discovered in the Cyrenaica, 1827, and that of Justin and Justinian in Pisidia, 1889, the former annotated by Zachariä (Sitz-Ber. d. Berlin. Akad., 1879, p. 134), and the latter by Diehl (École d'Ath., Bull. de Corr. Hel., 1893, p. 501. It will be perceived that in these new arrangements there is something of a return to the regional dispositions of the early Empire; and, in fact, Justinian expresses himself in that sense more than once in these Acts (see p. 132).
↑ Paphlagonia; Nov. xxix. Arabia; Nov. cii. Palestine; Nov. ciii. Later Arabia was renamed Palestine III; Procopius, De Aedif., v, 8.

[1] Cappadocia I, II; Nov. xxx. Palestine I, II; Nov. ciii. Libya I; II; Edict xiii, 19, 22, etc. Helenopontus to Pontus Polemoniacus, Nov. xxviii. (Here we get some geographical information as to the limits of the Empire on the N.E. J. remarks that Pityus and Sebastopolis are rather military outposts than towns proper.) Paphlagonia to Honorias; Nov. xxix. A peculiar enactment, apparently without precedent, was the creation of a "Praefect of the Islands" with civil and military command over five scattered provinces of both continents, viz., Scythia, Mysia, Caria, the Cyclades, and Cyprus; Nov. xli; l; see the remarks of Jn. Lydus on this appointment; op. cit., ii, 28. There seems also to have been a junction of Dardania and part of Macedonia; Nov. xi; cxxxi. For all we know the provinces may have been dealt with seriatim from first to last. Numberless Acts have been lost, as exemplified by the rescript of Anastasius discovered in the Cyrenaica, 1827, and that of Justin and Justinian in Pisidia, 1889, the former annotated by Zachariä (Sitz-Ber. d. Berlin. Akad., 1879, p. 134), and the latter by Diehl (École d'Ath., Bull. de Corr. Hel., 1893, p. 501. It will be perceived that in these new arrangements there is something of a return to the regional dispositions of the early Empire; and, in fact, Justinian expresses himself in that sense more than once in these Acts (see p. 132).

[2] Paphlagonia; Nov. xxix. Arabia; Nov. cii. Palestine; Nov. ciii. Later Arabia was renamed Palestine III; Procopius, De Aedif., v, 8.

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