Page:The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth century (1887) - Volume 1.djvu/466

THIRD PERIOD 446 EDINBURGH CASTLE could form a point of support to the enemy. This was undoubtedly its condition in 1333, when Guy, Count of Namur, an ally of Edward Baliol, was driven by Randolph to the Castle rock, and had to surrender, as the Castle was so entirely dismantled as to be indefensible. The only building of the early period which appears to have escaped is the small chapel in the Norman style, called St. Margaret's Chapel, which was probably founded by David i., the great church builder, in. memory of the sainted Queen at least its style is that of the first half of the twelfth century. 1 In primitive times the Castle would 110 doubt consist of an enceinte or enclosure of mingled turf and rocks, taking in the highest and most defensible part of the rock, and would contain some wooden huts for the FIG. 388. Edinburgh Castle. General Plan (from the Ordnance Survey). accommodation of the garrison. This enceinte would in course of time be superseded by a stone-and-lime wall, with towers at intervals after the manner of mediaeval fortresses. There was also probably, as usual, a keep or tower, larger and stronger than the others, serving as the residence of the commander,, and as the last refuge of the garrison in case of siege. 1 Mr. Blanc, who has made a very careful examination of this building, with a view to its restoration, is of opinion, judging from the crudeness of the details and manner of execution, that it was probably built during Queen Margaret's lifetime, i.e. before 1093.