Page:The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth century (1887) - Volume 1.djvu/53

FRENCH EXAMPLES, 13TH CENT. 33 INTRODUCTION time of St. Louis, and it was from here that he sailed on his last crusade. The walls were begun by him, and finished by Philippe le Hardi, and they still remain almost as entire as the day they were completed in the thirteenth century. In further illustration of the walls of enceinte of the thirteenth century, we give a general view of the Castle of St. Andre (Fig. 26), on the west side of the Rhone, immediately opposite Avignon. FIG. 26. Chateau de St. Andre, Villeneuve lez Avignon. This castle was built by Philip the Fair, at the end of the thirteenth century, for the defence of his territory on the right bank of the river. The general effect of these walls is similar to that of some of our English castles, such as Pevensey, and, as will be hereafter seen, has a striking resemblance to some of the early Scotch castles, notably that of Dun- staffnage. The round tower at the angle is only slightly pi-ojected beyond the face of the wall, being on a rocky platform like Dunstaffnage. It has not the bold relief which distinguishes the round towers of the period, as at Pevensey, when not limited by the nature of the site. The gateway (Figs. 27, 28) is a splendid specimen of this class of building of the fourteenth century, and we shall find as we proceed that similar gateways were not unknown in Scotland. The Tour du Pont (Fig. 29), at Villeneuve, also erected by Philip the Fair in 1307, to guard the passage into his dominions from Provence by