Article 14.
Authors of literary, scientific or artistic works shall have the exclusive right of authorizing the reproduction and public representation of their works by cinematography.
Cinematograph productions shall be protected as literary or artistic works if, by the arrangement of the acting form or the combinations of the incidents represented, the author has given the work a personal and original character.
Without prejudice to the rights of the author of the original work the reproduction by cinematography of a literary, scientific or artistic work shall be protected as an original work.
The above provisions apply to reproduction or production effected by any other process analogous to cinematography.
Article 15.
In order that the authors of works protected by the present Convention shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be considered as such, and be consequently admitted to institute proceedings against pirates before the Courts of the various countries of the Union, it will be sufficient that their name be indicated on the work in the accustomed manner.
For anonymous or pseudonymous works the publisher, whose name is indicated on the work, shall be entitled to protect the rights belonging to the author. He shall be, without other proof, deemed to be the legal representative of the anonymous or pseudonymous author.
Article 16.
Pirated works may be seized by the competent authorities of any country of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection.
In such a country the seizure may also apply to reproductions imported from a country where the work is not protected, or has ceased to be protected.
The seizure shall take place in accordance with the domestic legislation of each country.
