forms of government established by the charters."--John Quincy Adams, Oration, 1831. "I have abode consequences often enough in the course of my life."--Id., Speech, 1839. "Present, bide, or abide; Past, bode, or abode."--Coar's Gram., p. 104. "I awaked up last of all."--Ecclus., xxxiii, 16. "For this are my knees bended before the God of the spirits of all flesh."--Wm. Penn. "There was never a prince bereaved of his dependencies," &c.--Bacon. "Madam, you have bereft me of all words."--Shakspeare. "Reave, reaved or reft, reaving, reaved or reft. Bereave is similar."--Ward's Practical Gram., p. 65. "And let them tell their tales of woful ages, long ago betid."--Shak. "Of every nation blent, and every age."--Pollok, C. of T., B vii, p. 153. "Rider and horse,--friend, foe,--in one red burial blent!"--Byron, Harold, C. iii, st. 28. "I builded me houses."--Ecclesiastes, ii, 4. "For every house is builded by some man; but he that built all things is God."--Heb. iii, 4. "What thy hands builded not, thy wisdom gained."--Milton's P.L., X, 373. "Present, bet; Past, bet; Participle, bet."-- Mackintosh's Gram., p. 197; Alexander's, 38. "John of Gaunt loved him well, and betted much upon his head."--SHAKSPEARE: Joh. Dict, w. Bet. "He lost every earthly thing he betted."--PRIOR: ib. "A seraph kneeled."--Pollok, C. T., p. 95.
"At first, he declared he himself would be blowed,
Ere his conscience with such a foul crime he would load."
--J. R. Lowell.
"They are catched without art or industry."--Robertson's Amer.,-Vol. i, p. 302. "Apt to be catched and dazzled."--Blair's Rhet., p. 26. "The lion being catched in a net."--Art of Thinking, p. 232. "In their self-will they digged down a wall."--Gen., xlix, 6. "The royal mother instantly dove to the bottom and brought up her babe unharmed."-- Trumbull's America, i, 144. "The learned have diven into the secrets of nature."--CARNOT: Columbian Orator, p. 82. "They have awoke from that ignorance in which they had slept."--London Encyclopedia. "And he slept and dreamed the second time."--Gen., xli, 5. "So I awoke."--Ib., 21. "But he hanged the chief baker."--Gen., xl, 22. "Make as if you hanged yourself."--ARBUTHNOT: in Joh. Dict. "Graven by art and man's device."--Acts, xvii, 29. "Grav'd on the stone beneath yon aged thorn."--Gray. "That the tooth of usury may be grinded."--Lord Bacon. "MILN-EE, The hole from which the grinded corn falls into the chest below."--Glossary of Craven, London, 1828. "UNGRUND, Not grinded."-- Ibid. "And he built the inner court with three rows of hewed stone."--1 Kings, vi, 36. "A thing by which matter is hewed."--Dr. Murray's Hist. of Europ. Lang., Vol. i, p. 378. "SCAGD or SCAD meaned distinction, dividing."--Ib., i, 114. "He only meaned to acknowledge him to be an extraordinary person."--Lowth's Gram., p. 12. "The determines what particular thing is meaned."--Ib., p. 11. "If Hermia mean'd to say Lysander lied."--Shak. "As if I meaned not the first but the second creation."--Barclay's Works, iii, 289. "From some stones have rivers bursted forth."--Sale's Koran, Vol. i, p. 14.
"So move we on; I only meant To show the reed on which you leant."--Scott, L. L., C. v, st. 11.
OBS. 8.--Layed, payed, and stayed, are now less common than laid, paid, and staid; but perhaps not less correct, since they are the same words in a more regular and not uncommon orthography: "Thou takest up that [which] thou layedst not down."--FRIENDS' BIBLE, SMITH'S, BRUCE'S: Luke, xix, 21. Scott's Bible, in this place, has "layest," which is wrong in tense. "Thou layedst affliction upon our loins."--FRIENDS' BIBLE: Psalms, lxvi, 11. "Thou laidest affliction upon our loins."--SCOTT'S BIBLE, and BRUCE'S. "Thou laidst affliction upon our loins."--SMITH'S BIBLE, Stereotyped by J. Howe. "Which gently lay'd my knighthood on my shoulder."--SINGER'S SHAKSPEARE: Richard II, Act i, Sc. 1. "But no regard was payed to his remonstrance."--Smollett's England, Vol. iii, p. 212. "Therefore the heaven over you is stayed from dew, and the earth is stayed from her fruit."--Haggai, i, 10. "STAY, i. STAYED or STAID; pp. STAYING, STAYED or STAID."--Worcester's Univ. and Crit. Dict. "Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by En-rogel."--2 Sam., xvii, 17. "This day have I payed my vows."--FRIENDS' BIBLE: Prov, vii, 14. Scott's Bible has "paid." "They not only stayed for their resort, but discharged divers."--HAYWARD: in Joh. Dict. "I stayed till the latest grapes were ripe."--Waller's Dedication. "To lay is regular, and has in the past time and participle layed or laid."--Lowth's Gram., p. 54. "To the flood, that stay'd her flight."--Milton's Comus, l. 832. "All rude, all waste, and desolate is lay'd."--Rowe's Lucan, B. ix, l. 1636. "And he smote thrice, and stayed."--2 Kings, xiii, 18.
"When Cobham, generous as the noble peer That wears his honours, pay'd the fatal price Of virtue blooming, ere the storms were laid."--Shenstone, p. 167.
OBS. 9.--By the foregoing citations, lay, pay, and stay, are clearly proved to be redundant. But, in nearly all our English grammars, lay and pay are represented as being always irregular; and stay is as often, and as improperly, supposed to be always regular. Other examples in proof of the list: "I lit my pipe with the paper."--Addison.
"While he whom learning, habits, all prevent, Is largely mulct for each impediment."--Crabbe, Bor., p. 102. "And then the chapel--night and morn to pray, Or mulct and threaten'd if he kept away."--Ib., p. 162.
"A small space is formed, in which the breath is pent up."--Gardiner's Music of Nature, p. 493. "Pen, when it means to write, is always regular. Boyle has penned in the sense of confined."--
