Page:The history of medieval Europe.djvu/495

THE CHURCH UNDER INNOCENT III 445 one of the papal legates was assassinated by an official of the Count of Toulouse. This murder aroused a storm of indignation; the clergy preached the new type of crusade with great vigor; and soon a large army was on its way south. Raymond made no attempt at resistance, but, pro- testing his innocence of the murder of the legate, joined the army of crusaders. Thus, deprived of its natural leader, Toulouse made no united opposition. The crusading army occupied itself chiefly in storming Beziers, where thousands of men, women, and children were massacred, and in forcing Carcassonne to capitulate, whereupon its inhabitants were allowed to depart with but a single garment each. Most of the original crusaders then went home. Beziers and Carcassonne were given as a fief to Simon de Montfort, who proceeded, with the aid of hired troops and of new cru- saders who kept arriving, to enlarge his fief further at the expense of Raymond and other southern lords. Raymond was unable to make his peace with the Church, although he went to Rome to see Innocent. The King of Aragon, who was Raymond's brother-in-law, and who did not like to see the barons of the north despoiling his neighbors of their fiefs, tried to interfere, at first as a peacemaker and then with an army, but he was defeated and slain in battle by De Montfort. The latter in his turn perished while besieg- ing the city of Toulouse. This was after the death of Inno- cent, for the war in Languedoc went on until 1229. A second crusade was led by Prince Louis of France, who came again as King Louis VIII in 1224. Meanwhile Raymond VI had died and his son, Raymond VII, finally made his peace with j the Church and also with the King of France, now Louis 1 IX, to whose brother he agreed to marry his daughter and leave his lands. Innocent had less difficulty with the Bogomiles of Bosnia I and Dalmatia than with their fellow heretics in Toulouse. When he induced the King of Hungary to declare war upon the Ban of Bosnia, the latter potentate quickly submitted and asked that a papal legate be sent to receive the Bogo- mile leaders back into the Roman Church.