sky and more settled conditions, epic songs lost their warlike spirit and grew into romances of chivalry and adventure; and the stories of Otinel and Fierabras retained their popularity till well into the fifteenth century. So thoroughly did the Normans find themselves at home in this country, that by the end of the twelfth century they began to celebrate the exploits of their former foes. Guy of Warwick, the Saxon champion who overcame Colbrand the Dane, and the legendary Boeve of Hampton became epic figures as famous as Roland and Oliver, and won applause far beyond the compass of these Islands. It is less surprising to find Havelok and Horn extolled in similar manner, for they were after all of viking blood and the kinsmen of Ralph the Ganger.
Running through Norman literature there is a note of seriousness and piety. Boeve converts the giant Escopart and has him duly baptized. Guy of Warwick spends the evening of a boisterous life in the quietude of a monastery. If many warriors were sung in verse, they were as the grain of sand in the desert, compared with the multitude of saints who were similarly honoured. The legends that gathered round the names of saints are often very strange: orthodox teaching blends with ill-concealed pagan worship; true Christian piety and crude superstition are inextricably mingled. They hardly commend themselves as food for the soul, but as a rich mine of myth and folklore they would repay more careful study.[1] Closely connected with the Church was also the incipient Drama. The honour of producing the oldest extant play[2] in the vernacular belongs
- ↑ Prof. A. T. Baker, of Sheffield University, has facilitated such a study by his editions of the Lives of S. Richard (Rev. Lang. Rom. liii, 1910), S. Panuce (Romania, xxxviii), S. Paul l'Hermite (Mod. Lang. Rev. vi), S. Osith (Mod. Lang. Rev. vi-vii), and especially of S. Marie l'Égyptienne (Rev. Lang. Rom. lix, 1916-17).
- ↑ Le Mystère d'Adam, ed. P. Studer, 1918.
