tion the funds for the repair of the roads are placed, 93; general state of the roads, 94; the universities badly governed, 139; remarks on the management of the Parliaments of, 187; measures taken in, to reduce the power of the clergy, 195; account of the mode of rectifying the inequalities of the predial taille in the generality of Montauban, 240; the personal taille explained, 266; the inequalities in, how remedied, 267–268; how the personal taille discourages cultivation, 270; the vingtième, 272; stamp duties and the controle, 277–280; the capitation tax, how rated, 287; restraints upon the interior trade of the country by the local variety of the revenue laws, 333; the duties on tobacco and salt, how levied, 337; the different sources of revenue in, 338; how the finances of, might be reformed, 339; the French system of taxation compared with that in Britain, 340; the nature of tontines explained, 359; estimate of the whole national debt of, 360.
Frugality, generally a predominating principle in human nature, ii. 22.
Fuller's earth, the exportation of, why prohibited, ii. 434.
Funds, British, brief historical view of, iii. 350; operation of, politically considered, 368–369; the practice of funding has gradually enfeebled every state that has adopted it, 374.
Fur trade, the first principles of, i. 251.
G
Gama, Vasco da, the first European who discovered a naval track to the East Indies, ii. 301.
Gardening, the gains from, distinguished into the component parts, i. 106; not a profitable employment, 238.
Gems. See Stones.
General fund, in the British finances, explained, iii. 354.
Genoa, why corn is dear in the territory of, i. 289.
Glasgow, the trade of, doubled in fifteen years, by erecting banks there, i. 411.—Why a city of greater trade than Edinburgh, ii. 16.
Gold, not the standard of value in England, i. 88; its value measured by silver, 88–89; reformation of the gold coin, 90; mint price of gold in England, 90–91; the working the mines of, in Peru, very unprofitable, 263; qualities for which this metal is valued, ibid.; the proportionate value of, to silver, how rated before and after the discovery of the American mines, 315–316; is cheaper in the Spanish market than silver, 319.—Great quantities of, remitted annually from Portugal to England, ii. 284; why little of it remains in England, 285; is always to be had for its value, 285–286.
Gold and silver, the prices of, how affected by the increase of the quantity of the metals, i. 286; are commodities that naturally seek the best market, 287; are metals of the least value among the poorest nations, 288; the increase in the quantity of, by means of wealth and improvement, has no tendency to diminish their value, 290; the annual consumption of these metals very considerable, 310–311; annual importation of, into Spain and Portugal, 312; are not likely to multi-
