Art. II.—An Investigation into the Rates of Mortality in New Zealand during the Period 1881–91.
By C. E. Adams, B.Sc., A.I.A., F.S.S., Lecturer on Applied Mathematics, Lincoln College.
[Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, 6th May, 1896.]
Plates I.–IV.
The following tables, showing the rates of mortality in New Zealand during the period 1881–91, are deduced from the censuses for 1881, 1886, and 1891, and from the deaths for each year during the period.
Generally it may be said that the final tables show a comparison of the numbers living at each age with the deaths occurring at that age. It would have been possible to have computed the tables from one census and the deaths in that census year, but it was considered preferable to use average results, and for this purpose the average population as given by the three censuses has been employed, and the average number of deaths has also been used. In adopting this method there is a greater chance of the final results exhibiting correctly the general mortality of the colony than there would have been had the figures relating to one year only been employed.
The census has never been taken in the middle of a calendar year in New Zealand. In 1881 it was taken on the 3rd April, in 1886 on the 28th March, and in 1891 on the 5th April. This necessitates an assumption being made as to the population living on the 1st July in each year, for the numbers living in the middle of the year have to be compared with the deaths during the year. It was assumed that the population on the 1st July was the mean of the populations on the 1st January and the 31st December. The numbers living in each age-group, as given by the census, were increased in the same proportion as the whole population had increased from the date of the census to the 1st July. This adjustment was made for each of the three censuses, and the total for each agegroup found. One-third of these totals gives the average number of persons living in each of the age-groups, as shown in Table A.
No adjustments were necessary for the deaths. One-eleventh of the total number of deaths in each age-period for the eleven years 1881-91 was taken for the average number of deaths, and the results are given in Table A.
