201. PYRUS.
1 P. communis. Wild Pear-tree, Iron Pear.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 301 ; Eng. Bot. 1784; With. iii. 607.
In hedges near Cocken, D.— W. Weighell's Herb. Probably not truly indigenous.
2. P. Malus. Wild Apple-tree, Crab-tree.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 362 ; Eng. Bot. 179 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. 151; Berwick Flora, 110.
In woods, denes, and hedges, common.
3. P. aucuparia. Mountain Ash, Quicken-tree.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 364 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. 151 ; Berwick Flora, 110; Sorbus aucuparia, Eng. Bot. 337 ; With. iii. 604.
In woods and plantations, common. Near the High Force, and Winch Bridge in Teesdale, D. ; and at the foot of Cheviot. N. Certainly wild.
4. P. Aria. White Beam-tree, White Wild Pear-tree.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 365; Eng. Bot. 1858; Gr. Fl. Eds. 110; Crataegus Aria, With. iii. 602.
β P. pinnatifida, Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 365 ; Eng. Bot. 2331; P. hybrida, Fl. Brit. 534.
α In Castle Eden Dene, on rocks of Magnesian Limestone, and near Winch Bridge, Teesdale, on Encrinal Limestone and Basalt, D. β in plantations.
A variety usually raised by cultivation, and called the Bastard Mountain Ash.
202. SPIRIA.
1. S. salicifolia. Willow-leaved Spiraea.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 367 ; Eng. Bot. 1468; Hook. Fl. Scot. 152; With. iii. 609.
Naturalized in woods at Wallington, and by Roadley Lake, N. In Gibside woods near the Chapel, D. ; but not indigenous as Dr. Smith was erroneously informed. — See Eng. Fl. ii. p. 369.
2. S. Filipendula. Common Dropwort.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 368; Eng. Bot. 284; With. iii. 610; Hook. Fl. Scot. 152.
At Baydales, and Conniscliffe near Darlington, and in Byer's Quarry field near Whitburn, D. In Crag Close near Barwesford, N.
This plant flourishes both on the Magnesian and Encrinal Limestone.
3. S. Ulmaria. Meadow-sweet.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 368; Eng. Bot. 960; Hook. Fl. Scot. 152; Curt. Lond. Fasc. v. t. 33; Berwick Flora, 110.
On the banks of rivers and in moist meadows, frequent.
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
203. ROSA.
1. R. rubella. Red-fruited Dwarf Rose.
Fruit oval, somewhat bristly. Flower stalks, bristly. Stem spreading, clothed with straight slender spines. Leaflets elliptical, smooth, singly serrated. Segments of the calyx entire.
Eng. Bot. 2521 and 2601, Fruit f.3; With. iii. 613; Sm. Com. 78 ; Woods, Linn. Trans. xii. 177; Lindley, Mon. 40; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 374; Winch, Geog. Pl. 2nd ed., No. 1, App.; Hook. Br. Fl. 225.
Flowers white tinged with pink. Fruit, when ripe, pear-shaped, scarlet, and pendant. Calyx permanent.
On the sands of the sea coast near South Shields, D., mixed with the dwarf variety of the Burnet Rose, rare July 17, 1797.
This shrub appears a link between Rosa spinosissima and Rosa alpina; the latter of which it greatly resembles in habit. It is not Rosa pimpinellifolia of the Swiss Botanists, as Mr. Woods conjectures; for, by a specimen procured from Schleicher, that plant appears to be Rosa spinosissima. Nor is it Rosa spinosissima, var. 3, of Withering, as I am assured by that gentleman.
2. R. spinosissima. Burnet Rose.
Fruit globose, smooth as well as the flower stalks. Stem clothed with numerous straight slender spines. Leaflets singly serrated, smooth and round.
Eng. Bot. t. 187; With. iii. 612; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 2, App.; Berwick Flora, 111; Hook. Br. Fl. 226; Fl. Scot. 154; Gr. Fl. Eds. 111; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 178; Fl. Brit. ii. 537; Lindley Mon. 50; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 375; R. pimpinellifolia, Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed., 1062; Schleicher's Catalogue, 24.
Flowers yellowish white. Fruit first reddish brown, as coloured in English Botany, and then turning black. Calyx permanent.
γ pusilla, Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 179; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 376.
Flower stalks short. Fruit large, depressed.
The Burnet Rose is a shrub of a very diminutive growth on the sea beach (var. γ), but rises to a tall bush in woods and hedges distant from the coast. It is not very common, but occasionally to be found even in our sub-alpine vallies; and in the woods bordering the Lakes of Cumberland and Westmoreland. It may be met with about Newcastle, Corbridge, the Crag Lake, and on the coast at Holy Island, N. At Hebburn Quay, on the links near South Shields, at Norton; also in Weardale and Teesdale, D.
3. R. gracilis. Tall Bristly Rose.
Flower stalks bristly, generally bracteated. Branches, fruit and calyx bristly. Leaflets doubly serrated, hairy on both sides.
Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 186; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 379; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 4, App.; R. villosa, Eng. Bot. t. 583.
β R. Sabini, Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 188; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 380 ; Lindley Mon. 59; Hook. Fl. Scot. 155; Gr. Fl. Eds. 112; Hook. Br. Fl. 229; Eng. Bot. 2594; R. Doniana, Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 185; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 378; Eng. Bot. 2601; R. nivalis, Hort. Cant. 7th ed., 155. R. involuta. Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 3, App.
γ R. involuta, Eng. Bot. 2068 ; Fl. Brit. ii. 398; With iii. 613; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 183; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 380; Hook. Fl. Scot. 154; Br. Fl. 229.
Flowers pink; generally one, but sometimes two or three together. Petals yellowish at the base. Fruit globular scarlet. Calyx permanent, entire.
α At Baydales, near Darlington, D. β in Heaton Dene, below Benton Bridge, and near Goldspink Hall, N. Near Middleton-one-Row, D.— Mr. J. Backhouse.
