Bracteas serrated, pointed and leafy, longer than the flower-stalks, which are short and stout, sometimes four or five together. Tube of the calyx roundish. Segments pinnate, permanent. Flowers pale red. Styles prominent, hairy. Stigmas forming a round head. Fruit, red, globular.
In Heaton Dene, and hedges near Sandyford, N. Between Middleton and Langley Ford, N., and near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.
10. R. canina. Common Dog Rose.
Fruit ovate, smooth as well as the flower-stalks. Prickles of the stem hooked. Leaflets ovate, pointed, very smooth, singly serrated.
Eng. Bot. 992; Fl. Brit. ii. 540; With. ii. 617; Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 223; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 394; Hook. Fl. Scot. 157; Gr. Fl. Eds. 113; Winch, Geog. PI. 2nd ed., No. 12, App.; Berwick Flora, 113.
Flowers pale pink, clustered, soon out-topped by the leading shoots of the shrub. Fruit scarlet, oval. Calyx deciduous. Leaves dark shining green. The young shoots very strong, armed with large hooked prickles.
β R. Forsteri. Downy-ribbed Dog Rose.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 392; Eng. Bot. 2611; Berwick Flora, 113; R. collina β and γ, Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 219; R. canina ε, Hook. Br. Fl. 236.
Ribs of the leaflets hairy.
α In every hedge. β near Berwick — Dr. G. Johnston.
11. R. sarmentacea. Glaucous-leaved Dog Rose.
Calyx permanent. Fruit egg-shaped, smooth. Leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, glaucous.— Prickles hooked. Calyx deciduous.
R. sarmentacea. Woods, Linn. Trans, xii. 213; Swartz. MSS.; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 390; Eng. Bot. 2595; Berwick Flora, 112; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 13, App.; R. canina β, Hook. Br. Fl. 236; R. glaucophylla, Winch, Geog. Pl., 1st ed., 45; With. iii. 619.
In every hedge near Newcastle, both in Northumberland and Durham.
This is a much slenderer, though less trailing Briar than Rosa canina; its flowers pale pink, growing in pairs or single, and its fruit large. It also further differs in habit, by not having young shoots sprouting beyond the blossoms, so as to give them the appearance of being axillary; and from Rosa sentriosa of
Acharius (Stockholm Transactions) in the fruit being ovate, not globular. The leaves of the shrub are glaucous — peculiarly so in the spring of the year; and with reluctance I relinquish the name given to it in the first edition of the Geog. of Plants, for the
less appropriate one of my late friend, Dr. Swartz. This rose stands exactly in the same predicament as R. scabriuscula, and I leave it as a species till ascertained to be a variety of R. canina, to which, it must be owned, it bears a strong resemblance.
12. R. arvensis. White-trailing Dog Rose.
Style united. Fruit globose, smooth as well as the flower-stalks. Leaves unequally serrated. Stem and leaf-stalks prickly. Flowers generally clustered. Prickles hooked.
Eng. Bot. t. 188; Fl. Brit. ii. 538; With. iii. 611; Woods, Linn, Trans, xii. 232; Sm. Eng. Fl. ii 396; Lindley, Mon. 112; Hook. Fl. Scot. 158; Gr. Fl. Eds. 114; Winch, Geog. Pl., 2nd ed., No. 14, App.; Hook. Br. Fl. 241; Var. β Hudson, 219, with only one flower.
Flowers white. Germen oblong. Fruit globose, deep red, terminated by the simple base of the styles. Calyx deciduous. Stems glaucous, sometimes the colour of mahogany.
In woods and hedges at Friar's Goose, near Gateshead, at Cocken, and between Norton and Sadberge, also near Marsden, D. At St. Authon's, and in Elswick Dene near Newcastle, N. Between Broom House and Haggerstone, N.—Thompson's Berwick Plants.
The foreign Botanists do not seem to be well acquainted with this species, some of them considering it the same as Rosa sempervirens, from which it is easily distinguished by the more oval form and colour of its leaves, and the calyx being quite smooth. From Dr. Swartz I have received specimens of a rose
named Rosa arvensis, but which resembled a small variety of Rosa canina, and is Rosa agrestis of Schleicher's Catalogue of Swiss Plants. The Ayrshire Rose, which may frequently be seen trained against walls, is scarcely a variety. When the plant grows upon a poor soil, and is weak, its flowers are not clustered, and it then becomes the var. β of Hudson's Flora Anglica and Ray's Synopsis.
204. RUBUS.
1. R. fruticosus. Common Bramble.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 399; Eng. Bot. 715; With. ii. 622; Gr. Fl. Eds. 115; Berwick Flora, 114.
In hedges, but not very common.
2. R. glandulosus. Glandular Bramble.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 403; Berwick Flora, 114; R. Kohleri, Eng. Bot. 2605; Lindley, Br. Syn. 94.
In Heaton Dene and hedges near Jesmond, N, not rare. Hedges near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnston.
3. R. idaeus. Raspberry.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 407; Eng. Bot. 2442; Woodv. t. 138; With. iii. 620; Hook. Fl. Scot. 159; Berwick Flora, 114.
In denes, woods, and by rivulets, not uncommon, N. and D. Among the Cheviot mountains, N. On Alnwick Moor, near Brislie Tower. —Mr. J. Davison. By the brook below Tecket, N. — Wallis, 143.
4. R. corylifolius. Hazel-leaved Bramble.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 408; Eng. Bot. 827; Hook. Fl. Scot. 160; With. iii. 621; Berwick Flora, 114; R. vulgaris, Lindley, Br. Syn. 93.
The most common bramble in Northumberland and Durham. Near Berwick. — Dr. G. Johnson. In woods and sheltered denes this shrub becomes almost an evergreen, and is then Rubus macrophyllus of Lindley's Synopsis, 93, and the Eng. Bot. t. 2625.
5. R. caesius. Dew-berry.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 409; Eng. Bot. 826; Hook. Fl. Scot. 160; With. iii. 620; Berwick Flora, 114.
In woods, hedges, and denes, but not common. On the banks of Tweed, beyond Ord Mill.—Dr. Thompson. The double-flowered variety, in Tecket Wood, by the path leading westward from the Rectory Dene Simonburn, N.— Wallis, 144.
6. R. saxatilis. Stone Bramble.
Sm. Eng. Fl. ii. 410; Eng. Bot. 2233; Gr. Fl. Eds. 115; With. iii. 623.
In Castle Eden Dene, on the banks of Tees at the
