The Syllabus of Pius IX.
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II.
Syllabus of the principal errors of our time, which are censured in the Consistorial Allocutions, Encyclical, and other Apostolical Letters of our Most Holy Lord, Pope Pius IX.
§ I.
Pantheism, Naturalism, and absolute Rationalism.
1. There exists no Supreme, all-wise, all-provident divine being, distinct from the universe, and God is identical with the nature of things, and is, therefore, subject to changes. In effect, God is produced in man and in the world, and all things are God and have the very substance of God, and God is one and the same thing with the world, and, therefore, spirit with matter, necessity with liberty, good with evil, justice with injustice.
Allocution Maxima quidem, June 9th, 1862.
2. All action of God upon man and the world is to be denied. Ibid.
3. Human reason, without any reference whatsoever to God, is the sole arbiter of truth and falsehood, and of good and evil; it is law to itself, and suffices, by its natural force, to secure the welfare of men and of nations. Ibid.
4. All the truths of religion proceed from the innate strength of human reason; hence reason is the ultimate
