the Avignon Popes. But Italian injustice has ere now shown but too clearly how justly Pius IX. declared that his civil independence and sovereignty were necessary for the due fulfilment of his spiritual power. All true Catholics Join in spirit in the words of the Catholic Episcopate addressed to His Holiness on the 9th of June, 1862: "On this subject it scarce becomes us to speak. For thine own voice, Most Holy Father, has proclaimed to the world, that by a singular counsel of God's Providence the Roman Pontiff, whom Christ constituted Head and Centre of the Church, hath attained civil sovereignty."
But let us take the contradictories of the two sentences here condemned, and see what the Pope defines.
Seventy-fifth. The children of the Catholic Church are not divided about the compatibility of the temporal with the spiritual power.
The abolition of the temporal power would not contribute to the liberty and prosperity of the Church.
§ X.—Errors having reference to Modern Liberalism.
In the seventy-seventh censure the Pope denies that the principle of religious unity is less desirable now than it was formerly.
The seventy-eighth censure declares it unwise, where the unity of faith has never been shattered, to excite dissension by authorizing the introduction and public practice of heretical worship.
The condemnation of the seventy-ninth proposition teaches that liberty of publishing any sentiments, how-
