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Sol, and Luna. These planets have also their several motions, as-
Direct, is a planet moving in its natural course, which is forward.
Retrograde, is their moving backward, contrary to their direct motion.
Combust is their being under tho sun's beams, or within eight degrees of it.
Oriental, is when a planet riseth before tho sun,-Occidental, after him.
Latitude of the earth is the distance or breadth on either sido of the equinox towards tho pole, and they that are under the equinox have no latitude, but the poles of the world are in the horizon. This is a right sphere, and overy 60 minutes directly north and south, aro said to make a degree of latitude in an oblique sphere; as London is counted to be in 51 degrees 32 minutes, the pole thereof being exalted as much. The like is to be observed in any other place or region.
Longitude of the earth is the outsido thereof, extending from west to east, crossing the latitude at right angles; the beginning of which (according to some astronomers) is the Canary Isles, so going eastward quite round the world, unto the same place again, which is 360 degrees: and under the equinoctial is reputed to be 29,600 miles, reckoning 60 miles to a degrec; but the farther off the equinoctial the fewer miles in a degreo; for at Lendon about 37 make a degree of longitude, so these degrees grow less and less, until they meet at the latitude of 90, that is under the poles.
Parallels—the lines straight and circular, equally distant from each other, as the equinox, tropics, degrees of latitude, &c.
Climate, or clime, is such a space of earth comprehended between two parallels, in which space there is half an hour difference in the sun dials and length of the days.
