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heavens, whether they are large or small, have 360 degrees allowed to each of them.
Colours are said to be two great moveable circles, crossing each other at the poles of the world, one cutting the equinox at the beginning of Aries, Cancer, and Capricorn, and so dividing the globe into four equal parts.
Horizon is a great circle passing through the pole of the world, and the poles of the horizon, called the Zenith and Nadir (which are two points, one directly over our heads, the other directly under our feet), on which the sun is always just at noon, and to go directly north and south the meridian is changed; but to go east or west, it is changed to sixty miles, either way makes one degree, or four minutes of time difference under the equinox, viz., sixty miles eastward, it is noon four minutes sooner; and sixty miles westward, four minutes later.
Tropics are supposed to be two lesser circles, parallel with the equinoctial, and distant from it on either side twenty-three degrees thirty-one minutes each; the ecliptic line touches the tropics of Cancer on the north side of the equinoctial, and it touches the tropics of Capricorn on the south side thereof, so that the sun hath his motion between these two circles.
The Arctic Circle is equally distant from the North Pole, as the tropics are distant from the equinox—twenty-three degrees thirty-one minutes.
The Antarctic Circle is the same distance from the South Pole.
Zones, so called, are five in number, to cold, two temperate, and one hot, which are divided by the tropics and polar circles from each other; the hot zone is counted between the two tropics that are extended from one to the other, being about fortyseven degrees, two minutes broad; the temperate zones are extended from the tropics, on either side, to about forty-two degrees, fifty-eight minutes, that is northward to the Arctic Circle, and southward to the Antarctic Circle, and the two cold zones are each within those two small circles, having the poles for their centre.
The Poles of the World—two points exactly opposite to each other in the heavens, one in the north, the other in the south, the earth being in the midst, so
