100 STAT. 3158
PUBLIC LAW 99-562—OCT. 27, 1986
employee or others in furtherance of an action under this section, including investigation for, initiation of, testimony for, or assistance in an action filed or to be filed under this section, shall be entitled to all relief necessary to make the employee whole. Such relief shall include reinstatement with the same seniority status such employee would have had but for the discrimination, 2 times the amount of back pay, interest on the back pay, and compensation for any special damages sustained as a result of the discrimination, including litigation costs and reasonable attorneys* fees. An employee may bring an action in the appropriate district court of the United States for the relief provided in this subsection.". H*oigV 3
28 USC app.
SEC. 5. FALSE CLAIMS PROCEDURE.
Section 3731 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following: "(b) A civil action under section 3730 may not be brought— "(1) more than 6 years after the date on which the violation of section 3729 is committed, or "(2) more than 3 years after the date when facts material to the right of action are known or reasonably should have been known by the official of the United States charged with responsibility to act in the circumstances, but in no event more than 10 years after the date on which the violation is committed, whichever occurs last. "(c) In any action brought under section 3730, the United States shall be required to prove all essential elements of the cause of action, including damages, by a preponderance of the evidence. "(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, or the Federal Rules of Evidence, a final judgment rendered in favor of the United States in any criminal proceeding charging fraud or false statements, whether upon a verdict after trial or upon a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, shall estop the defendant from denying the essential elements of the offense in any action which involves the same transaction as in the criminal proceeding and which is brought under subsection (a) or (b) of section 3730.". SEC. 6. FALSE CLAIMS JURISDICTION; CIVIL INVESTIGATIVE DEMANDS.
31 USC 3721 et seq31 USC 3732.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter III of chapter 37 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new sections: "§3732. False claims jurisdiction "(a) ACTIONS UNDER SECTION 3730.—Any action under section 3730 may be brought in any judicial district in which the defendant or, in the case of multiple defendants, any one defendant can be found, resides, transacts business, or in which any act proscribed by section 3729 occurred. A summons as required by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure shall be issued by the appropriate district court and served at any place within or outside the United States. "(b) CLAIMS UNDER STATE LAW.—The district courts shall have jur^iction over any action brought under the laws of any State for the recovery of funds paid by a State or local government if the action arises from the same transaction or occurrence as an action brought under section 3730. §nj o *5apn? - ,, r, ^ s
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