107 STAT. 88 PUBLIC LAW 103-31—MAY 20, 1993 42 USC 1973gg-9. SEC. 11. CIVIL ENFORCEMENT AND PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION. (a) ATTORNEY GENERAL.— The Attorney General may bring a civil action in an appropriate district coiut for such declaratory or iivjunctive relief as is necessary to carry out this Act. (b) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.— (1) A person who is aggrieved by a violation of this Act may provide wrritten notice of the violation to the chief election official of the State involved. (2) If the violation is not corrected within 90 days after receipt of a notice xinder paragraph (1), or within 20 days after receipt of the notice if the violation occurred within 120 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the aggrieved person may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court for declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to the violation. (3) If the violation occurred within 30 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the aggrieved person need not provide notice to the chief election official of the State under paragraph (1) before bringing a civil action under paragraph (2). (c) ATTORNEY'S FEES.—In a civil action under this section, the court may allow the prevailing party (other than the United States) reasonable attorney fees, including litigation expenses, and costs. (d) RELATION TO OTHER LAWS.— (1) The rights and remedies established by this section are in addition to all other rights and remedies provided by law, and neither the rights and remedies established by this section nor any other provision of this Act shall supersede, restrict, or limit the application of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.). (2) Nothing in this Act authorizes or requires conduct that is prohibited by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.). 42 USC 1973gg-10. SEC. 12. CRIMINAL PENALTIES. A person, including an election official, who in any election for Federal office— (1) knowingly and willfully intimidates, threatens, or coerces, or attempts to intimidate, threaten, or coerce, any person for— (A) registering to vote, or voting, or attempting to register or vote; (B) urging or aiding any person to register to vote, to vote, or to attempt to register or vote; or (C) exercising any right under this Act; or (2) knowingly and willfvdly deprives, defrauds, or attempts to deprive or defraud the residents of a State of a fair and impartially conducted election process, by— (A) the procurement or submission of voter registration applications that are known by the person to be materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent under the laws of the State in which the election is held; or (B) the prociu'ement, casting, or tabulation of ballots that are known by the person to be materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent under the laws of the State in which the election is held, shall be fined in accordance with title 18, United States Code (which fines shall be paid into the general fund of the Treasury, miscellaneous receipts (pursuant to section 3302 of title 31, United
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