107 STAT. 1604 PUBLIC LAW 103-160—NOV. 30, 1993 one country and would involve additional sources of technological expertise. (4) While leaders of nations that are allies of the United States have stated an interest in becoming involved, or increasing involvement, in United States tactical missile defense programs, the governments of those nations are unlikely to support programs for theater missile defense development and deploy- ment unless, at a minimum, they can participate in meaningful ways in the planning and execution of such programs, including active participation in research and development and production of the systems involved. (5) Given the high cost of developing theater ballistic missile defense systems, the participation of United States allies in the efforts to develop tactical missile defenses would result in substantial savings to the United States. (b) PLAN AND REPORTS. —(1) The Secretary of Defense shall develop a plan to coordinate development and implementation of Theater Missile Defense programs of the United States with theater missile defense programs of United States allies, with the goal of avoiding duplication of effort, increasing interoperability, and reducing costs. The plan shall set forth in detail any financial, in-kind, or other form of participation by each nation in cooperative efforts to plan, develop, produce, and deploy theater ballistic missile defenses for the mutual benefit of the countries involved. (2) The Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the plan developed under paragraph (1). The report shall be submitted in both classified and unclassified versions, as appropriate, and may be submitted as a component of the next Tneater Missile Defense Initiative report to Congress. (3) The Secretary shall include in each annual Theater Missile Defense Initiative report to Congress a report on actions taken to implement the plan developed under paragraph (1). Each such report shall set forth the status of discussions between the United States and United States allies for the purposes stated in that paragraph and shall state the status of^ contributions by those allies to the Theater Missile Defense Cooperation Account, shown separately for each alUed country covered by the plan. (c) RESTRICTION ON FUNDS. — Of the total amount appropriated pursuant to authorizations in this Act for theater ballistic missile defense programs, not more than 80 percent may be obligated until— (1) the report under subsection (b)(2) is submitted to Congress; and (2) the President certifies in writing to Congress that representatives of the United States have formally submitted to each of the member nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and to Japan, Israel, and South Korea a proposal concerning the matters described in the report. The President may submit with such certification a report of similar formal contacts with any other country that the President considers appropriate. (d) SENSE OF CONGRESS. —It is the sense of Congress that whenever the United States deploys theater ballistic missile defenses to protect another country, or the military forces of another country, that has not provided financial or in-kind support for development of theater ballistic missile defenses, the United States should consider whether it is appropriate to seek reimbursement
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