12 2 STA T .3 3 60PUBLIC LA W 110 – 31 5— AU G .1 4, 200 8‘ ‘ (1)Insti t u ti o n alre stru c turin g toi mp ro v e learning an d promote productivit y, e f ficiency, q uality improvement, and cost reduction . ‘‘( 2 ) Improvements in academic instruction and student learning, including efforts designed to assess t h e learning gains made b y postsecondary students. ‘‘( 3 ) A rticulation bet w een two - and four-year institutions of higher education, including developing innovative methods for ensuring the successful transfer of students from two- to four-year institutions of higher education. ‘‘( 4 ) D evelopment, evaluation, and dissemination of model courses, including model courses that — ‘‘(A) provide students with a broad and integrated k nowledge base
‘‘( B ) include, at a minimum, broad survey courses in E nglish literature, American and world history, American political institutions, economics, philosophy, college-level mathematics, and the natural sciences; and ‘‘( C ) include study of a foreign language that leads to reading and writing competency in the foreign language. ‘‘( 5 ) International cooperation and student e x changes among postsecondary educational institutions. ‘‘( 6 ) S upport of centers to incorporate education in quality and safety into the preparation of medical and nursing students, through grants to medical schools, nursing schools, and osteo- pathic schools. Such grants shall be used to assist in providing courses of instruction that specifically equip students to— ‘‘(A) understand the causes of, and remedies for, med- ical error, medically induced patient in j uries and complica- tions, and other defects in medical care; ‘‘(B) engage effectively in personal and systemic efforts to continually reduce medical harm; and ‘‘(C) improve patient care and outcomes, as rec- ommended by the Institute of M edicine. ’ ’. (g) A UTHORIZA TIO N O F A P PROPRIATION S FOR TH EF UN D FOR THE I M PRO V EMENT OF P OSTSE C ONDAR Y EDUCATION.—Section 7 45 (2 0U .S.C. 113 8 d) is amended by striking ‘‘ $ 30,000,000 for fiscal year 1 9 99’’ and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting ‘‘such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.’’. (h) T ECHNICA L FIPSE AMENDMENTS.—Part B of title V II (20 U.S.C. 1138 et seq.) is further amended— (1) in section 742 (20 U.S.C. 1138a)— (A) in subsection (b)— (i) by striking ‘‘(b) MEM B ERSHIP.—’’ and all that follows through ‘‘The Secretary’’ and inserting ‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Secretary’’; and (ii) by striking paragraph (2); (B) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘and the Director’’ each place the term appears; and (C) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘Director’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary’’; (2) in section 743 (20 U.S.C. 1138b)— (A) by striking ‘‘(a) TECHNICAL EMPLOYEES.—’’; and (B) by striking subsection (b); and
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