TREATIES Motor ships. Power for going astern. Auxiliary steering apparatus. Initial and subse- quent surveysof ships. other compartment. For this purpose, where the pipe is at any part situated near the side of the ship or in a duct keel, there shall be fitted to the pipe in the compartment containing the open end either a non-return valve, or a screw-down valve which can be operated from a position above the bulkhead deck. (12.) All distribution boxes, cocks and valves in connection with the bilge pumping arrangement shall be in positions which are acces- sible at all times under ordinary circumstances. They shall be so arranged that in the event of flooding the emergency bilge pump may be operative on any compartment. If there is only one system of pipes common to all the pumps, the necessary cocks or valves for controlling the bilge suctions must be workable from above the bulk- head deck. If in addition to the main bilge pumping system an emergency bilge pumping system is provided, it shall be independent of the main system and so arranged that the emergency pump is capable of operating on any compartment under flooding conditions. Motor Ships. (13.) The bilge pumping arrangements in motor ships shall, so far as practicable, be equivalent to those required for steamships of similar size, except as regards main circulating pumps. REGULATION XX. Powerfor Going Astern. Ships shall have sufficient power for going astern to secure proper control of the ship in all circumstances. REGULATION XXI. Auxiliary Steering Apparatus. Ships shall be provided with an auxiliary steering apparatus which, however, may be of less power than the main apparatus, and need not be worked by steam or other mechanical power, provided ade- quate arrangements for manual operation are practicable. A dupli- cate main steering power plant shall be considered as an auxiliary steering apparatus within the meaning of this Regulation. REGULATION XXII. Initial and Subsequent Surveys of Ships. (1.) Every new or existing ship shall be subjected to the surveys specified below:- (a.) A survey before the ship is put in service. (b.) A periodical survey once every twelve months. (c.) Additional surveys, as occasion arises. 1224
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