TREATY OF AMITY, SETTLEMENT, AND LIMITS, Feb. 22, 1819. _ _ _ _ 0·:¤- 29.1620. Between the United States of America and hzs Oathvlzc Ratified by the a ° _ a United States, est;] ( ) FQ3Q2g {$:56 Tum United Stages of America und his Catholic Majesty, desiring to King of Spain, consolidate, on a permanent basis, the friendship and good correspond- 0§I°·t2*} 2829-9 ence which happily prevails nctvrccn the two partics,_havc determined m c”;l;*;ud‘;x;’ to settle and terminate all the-err differences and protensions, by a Treaty,
- ,;,,,,dSh;p' ,g,,,,_ which shall designate, with precision, the limits of their respective
bordering territories in North America.
(a) See notes of thejreadcs wigh Solain, unto, page 138. _ An act for carrying into cxccuuon the treaty between the United States and Spain, concluded at Washmgmn on tho twenty-socond day of February, 1819. March 3, 1821, vol. 3, p. 637. Phe decisions of the Supreme Court, in cases arisin%undcr this u·ca.ty,_hav¤ been; _ gyéthe trezgy glf St. Ildcfongohmncic on tina of? A>to}>eii,8£00, gpsun ccdlod Iifounséaga to Frgnce ; m1_ *runc¤ y o_tr&aty 0 aris, slgnc the t 0 pni, , cc e it to t c nite gates. d thiztriaaéyxgia Umzpd Staaos claimed the goungtries imetvyeen the Ibcrviiie and th: Perdidoi hSpain 20:: ten ev t at_ or ccssion to rancq compra en o on yt at territory w ic ,ut t o timeo t s, wnsnonommated Louisiana, consisting of the island of New Orleans, and the country m·hich8h;?1gl§o)n on5muily code}! to bln-ir by Frunngazswqsa of To léiissisliippi. Th? gui egaimed bly the plaintiffs in error, un grngrnnt romt o crowno pam ma c atcr t c treaty 0 t. 1 efonso,s 'nh` th d` t d ggtiiritgry; an:} thishcase presetng thedqniastion, tlol virlhlom did that éountry bctgresn lfhowibeigillecanspgecr. l0 clung n tert s treaty 0 t. I e onsu? a runca an ., zh b df' h rctroceded territory, bgfors Louisiana was acqluircd by the United giiiieifiingt sggagmsnt yilsuigriisdzuitg edly huvo ascertained its limits. But the dec urutions of Franco, made uftcr parting with tho province, cannot be admitted us conclusive; In questions of this character, political considerations have too much influence otcr the coriiiuctofliiayions, to permit tlloir ciqgclaranoni to dlofinio the course of an independent govornmon, m u ma er V1 u yimeresung cg mae . oster et a . v. ei son 2 P t , 306. lf a Spanish ‘F·gameo had obtgmeei pogcgsion of the land in dispute, so as io beatings defendant, would qwurt of tilq mtqd States muntgm_hist1tio under a Spamsh grunt, made subsequent tc the acquisition of Louisiana, singly on the principle that the Spanish cqnptruction of the treaty of St. Ilgicfonso was . _ vro_ uc q emsnou wou su ver r ose rmcn es w ic ggigrriuitiiauigalziiicilrifltiiizriwiizagznritiggtlicigisiuzivgzv ariii jiidxciial departmciiis aiud ximijk this iimiil of clziolil bm. sos.S ‘ The sound construction of tho 8th article of the treaty between the United St t a d Sf h Lgndoggebruary, 1829, will not enable tho court to apply its provisions to theaefssc Hof tii:1 rgizlnniiifi Tim uriiclo does not declare that all the grunts madc by his Catholic mzfcsty, bef the 24th f I . ary, 1818. shall be valid to the name extent as if the ceded territories hqd i-cxnainedoiiinder his dgmiriioii. Ig does nor. say xiing those irgms are hereby confirmed. Had such been 1ts language, iz would have acted
0: the anglais1c:; an it would lgayegcpenlgddthoac uc? of ésongiisss which were repugnant to it;
s a uagc is n osu gruntss al cuf u t t' , . wiiom ghni they be ratified and confirmed? Tin: scsmscgl bienige lgngxiagirogngomxgxiizeziigrif g, gig ruujicuuon und confirgmuon winch arc promised, must be the ner of the legislature. Until such act shall bcgnossedi the; ccgun i? not it ilbcrty to disregard the exiszinglaws on the subject. Ibid. ho rea y w iic ouisianu was ac uircd th U t d Stat s sti I d has rhs qcdcd mqrriiorius should be protected in ihc freic ciijoyliingng of iehqir ;ii·`i>;;ityi a'3‘li}eicfilriit;)¢itlgKiixt¢;1i; ns u ins:. muon, regard this supulgmon as rho uvowul of u principle which would have been held equally acted, although it had not been mscrtcd in the treaty. Soulard at ui. v. The United Stutcs 4 Peters ll I 1 Tho (crm property, as applied to lands, comprchends of f lh nslqunposod to embrace nhnpc righns which liu in contracg riiioggzginizlii mi; céxgifuttoiii ii; svoeriipiighiiiogei sy nch urs cécccnfcd. In this respect, the relation of the inhabuqnts of Louisiana to their government, is ncaa nngc l. _ he new government takes jlga place of thag which has passed away. Ibid. my ::3 3nlogéscnigkcfrrgozylccdgg Liogisnaua no the Unuolci Etnies, aH`o;_ding that protection or secu- - _ _· 1 yor pams ovarnment tow ic t c act 0 f s, u 0th fiis}, second ami third urtmlcq, 1`hey axes2u5e5i to all property, until Louisiantziolilgcipziiricraia rfiicmblor iii th; ,;.:2: *...s*:z:*.1::£:;€*H.;*::*—::·.*,::·.*:::*:*:: ;%*;::i;::°;?2z;*%**$*d*;é:**»** *¤srS***·w" *** **%***&** *2*** **6 _ . ,_ 1 iu_ s me aes. ‘ ‘ " .
- };,}*3; 18 vm0n': these ughés. Delugus ,_ The Ummd gmt0S_ QT? ubl uy an · scm?
acumr Than lhnlrogerty as protg-ititc ind scoured by the trfmty, and no prmcnple IS better settiegi m this acm Ofyhwt ) I- nrlinc onto u_c to ands 1s_ property. lihis right would hgxve been sacred, indepenrw y. ie sovereign who acquires an inhabited country, acqmres full dominion over iz; (252)
