PUBLIC LAW 96-283—JUNE 28, 1980 (4) In the event of interference with the exploration or commercial recovery activities of a licensee or permittee by nationals of other states, the Secretary of State shall use all peaceful means to resolve the controversy by negotiation, conciliation, arbitration, or resort to agreed tribunals. (c) RESTRICTIONS.—(1) The Administrator may not issue— (A) any license or permit after the date on which an international agreement is ratified by and enters into force with respect to the United States, except to the extent that issuance of such license or permit is not inconsistent with such agreement; (B) any license or permit the exploration plan or recovery plan of which, submitted pursuant to section 103(a)(2), would apply to an area to which applies, or would conflict with, (i) any exploration plan or recovery plan submitted with any pending application to which priority of right for issuance applies under section 103(b), (ii) any exploration plan or recovery plan associated with any existing license or permit, or (iii) any equivalent authorization which has been issued, or for which formal notice of application has been submitted, by a reciprocating state prior to the filing date of any relevant application for licenses or permits pursuant to this title; (C) a permit authorizing commercial recovery within any area of the deep seabed in which exploration is authorized under a valid existing license if such permit is issued to other than the licensee for such area; (D) any exploration license before July 1, 1981, or any permit which authorizes commercial recovery to commence before January 1, 1988; (E) any license or permit the exploration plan or recovery plan for which applies to any area of the deep seabed if, within the 3-year period before the date of application for such license or permit, (i) the applicant therefor surrendered or relinquished such area under an exploration plan or recovery plan associated with a previous license or permit issued to such applicant, or (ii) a license or permit previously issued to the applicant had an exploration plan or recovery plan which applied to such area and such license or permit was revoked under section 106; or (F) a license or permit, or approve the transfer of a license or permit, except to a United States citizen. (2) No permittee may use any vessel for the commercial recovery of hard mineral resources or for the processing at sea of hard mineral resources recovered under the permit issued to the permittee unless the vessel is documented under the laws of the United States. (3) Each permittee shall use at least one vessel documented under the laws of the United States for the transportation from each mining site of hard mineral resources recovered under the permit issued to the permittee. (4) For purposes of the shipping laws of the United States, any vessel documented under the laws of the United States and used in the commercial recovery, processing, or transportation from any mining site of hard mineral resources recovered under a permit issued under this title shall be deemed to be used in, and used in an essential service in, the foreign commerce or foreign trade of the United States, as defined in section 905(a) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, and shall be deemed to be a vessel as defined in section 1101(b) of that Act. (5) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the processing on land of hard mineral resources recovered pursuant to a permit
79-194
O—81-pt. 1
39: QL3
94 STAT. 559
Vessel documentation.
Transportation of minerals from mining sites.
46 USC 1244. 46 USC 1271. Processing on land within U.S.
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