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Cite as: 599 U. S. ____ (2023)
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Syllabus

to make arrests or bring prosecutions are rare. This case is different from those in which the Federal Judiciary decides justiciable cases involving statutory requirements or prohibitions on the Executive, because it implicates the Executive Branch’s enforcement discretion and raises the distinct question of whether the Federal Judiciary may in effect order the Executive Branch to take enforcement actions. The Court’s decision does not indicate any view on whether the Executive is complying with its statutory obligations. Nor does the Court’s narrow holding signal any change in the balance of powers between Congress and the Executive. Pp. 12–14.

606 F. Supp. 3d 437, reversed.

Kavanaugh, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Roberts, C. J., and Sotomayor, Kagan, and Jackson, JJ., joined. Gorsuch, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, in which Thomas and Barrett, JJ., joined. Barrett, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, in which Gorsuch, J., joined. Alito, J., filed a dissenting opinion.