VII. VERB. PERFECT SYSTEM. Pl. 2. grnīta¹, grbhnīta, jānītá, punitá and punīta², pṛṇītá, mathnīta (AV.), mṛṇīta (AV.), stṛṇīta (AV.). With -tana: punitána, prnitana, śrīnītana. 3. aśnantu (AV.), grṇantu (AV. TS.), grħṇantu (AV.). jānantu (AV.), punintu, mathnantu (AV.), badhnantu (AV.), srnantu, srinantu (AV.), sinantu (AV.). - Middle. Sing. 2. grbhṇīṣva (Kh. Iv. 5²), pṛṇīṣva (Kh. 11. 8¹), vrnīsvá. 3. strnītām, hṛṇītām. Pl. 2. jīnīdhvam (AV.), vṛṇīdhvám. 3. jānatām³, vṛṇatām (AV.). Present Participle. 479. Active. aśnánt-, f. -atí- (AV.), iṣṇánt, uṣṇánt-, grṇánt-, grhṇánt- jānánt-, f. -ati-, jinánt- (AV.), punánt-, f. -atí-, prnánt-4, prinánt-, mathnánt-, minánt-, f. -atí, musnant-, mrnánt-, rinánt-, śrīṇánt-, skabhnánt-, stṛṇánt-, f. -atí- (AV.). Middle. ápnana-, iṣṇāná-, gṛṇāná-, grhṇāná- (AV.), janäná-, drūnāná-, punāná-, prīṇāná-, mināná-, riņāná-, vṛṇāná-, śṛṇāná-, śrathnāná- (AV.), śrīṇāná-, stṛṇāná-, hṛṇāná-. 351 Imperfect Indicative. 480. Active. Sing. 1. ajanām, aśnām. — 2. ákṣiṇas, agrbhnäs, aprnās, áminās, amusnās, aramnäs, arinas, astabhnas; ubhnás, rinas, śrathnas. 3. agrbhnät, agrhṇāt (AV.), ajānāt (AV.), ápṛṇāt, aprīnāt, ábadhnat, ámathnāt, aminat, amuşnat, áramnat, árinat, aśrnat, ástabhnat, ástrnat; äśnāt (AV.), aubhnāt; jānāt, badhnat (AV.). Du. 2. ámuṣṇītam, ariņītam, avṛṇītam. Pl. 2. árinīta. 3. akrīnan (AV.), agrbhnan, agyhnan (AV. TS.), ajanan5, apunan, ábadhnan, aśrathnan, ástṛṇan; áśnanº (AV.); áśnan (x.176¹), rinán (x.138¹). Middle. Sing. 1. ávrni. -3. ábadhnīta (TS. 1. 1. 10²), ávynīta, áśrīnīta. Pl. 1. avrnīmahi. 3. agrbhnata¹, ájanata (TS. II. I. 11³); grbhṇata. - - — ▬▬▬▬▬ II. The Perfect System. BENFEY, Vollständige Grammatik p. 372-381,- DELBRÜCK, Verbum 112-134. AVERY, Verb-Inflection 249-253. WHITNEY, Sanskrit Grammar p. 279-296; Roots 219- 221. V. NEGELEIN, Zur Sprachgeschichte 70-78. - 481. Like the present system, the perfect has, besides an indicative, the subjunctive, optative and imperative moods, as well as participles and an augmented tense, the pluperfect. It is of very frequent occurrence, being taken by nearly 300 verbs in the Samhitās. It is formed in essentially the same way from all roots, its characteristic feature being reduplication. 1. The Reduplicative Syllable 8. 482. The reduplicative vowel is as a rule short. It is, however, long in more than thirty verbs. These are kan 'be pleased' : ca-kan; klp- 'be adapted'
- cã-klp-; gr- ‘wake' : jā-gr-; gydh- 'be greedy' : ja-grdh-; trp- 'be pleased':
tā-tṛp-; tṛṣ- ‘be thirsty': tā-tṛṣ-; dhr- 'hold': da-dhr-; nam- 'bend' : na-nam-; I Also the transfer form according to the (the participle nom. sing. m. jānán is á- class, grnáta (AV. V. 279). common). 2 With strong instead of weak base. 6 In práśnan (AV. XI. 332) the Pada text reads pra-ásnan. 3 In Khila II. 106 wrongly jānātām. 4 With fem. prnánti-, a transfer to the á- class. 7 Also the transfer forms aminanta and grnanta (VIII. 37). 5 v. NEGELEIN 57 also gives the unaugmented 8 On the reduplicative syllable see v. NEGE- form janan (RV. AV.), which I cannot trace | LEIN 70; cp. BRUGMANN, Grundriss 2, 846.
