Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/370

360 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. rurudhre, vävakre (vanc- 'move crookedly')', vavaśre² (vas- bellow'), vivijre, vidre³, vividré, vivipre, viviśre, śāśadré. With connecting -i-: arhire³, áśire (Kh. I. 11¹), ijiré (Vyaj), idhiré (Vidh-), iriré4, isirés (is- 'send', AV.), ūciré (√vac-, AV.), ühiré (√vah-), cakriré, cacakṣiré (VS.xl. 10 : Up.), jagmire, jajñiré (V jan-), jabhriré (√ bhṛ-), jihīliré (√ hīḍ-), tatakşiré, tatniré (V tan-), tastriré (V sty-, AV.), teniré (V tan-, VS. TS. AV.), dadhanviré, dadhire (Kh. 1. 4³), dadhrire (V dhr-), papire (pä- ‘drink'), bedhire ( V bandh-, AV.), bhejiré ( √ bhaj-), mimikṣire ( √ mikṣ- ‘mix', and √ myakṣ-), yetiré ( √ yat-), yemire ( √ yam-), rurucire (Kh.1. 12¹), rebhiré (√rabh-), lebhiré (√ labh-), vavakşire, vavandiré, vavašire, saściré (V sac-), secire (Vsac-, AV.), sedire (Vsad-). With ending -rire: cikitrire ( √ cit-), jagrbhriré, dadrire ( √ dā-), bubhujriré, vividrire, sasṛjrire. Moods of the Perfect. 486. Modal forms of the perfect are of rare occurrence in the Samhitās except the RV. They are made from the perfect stem in the same way as from the present stem. It is, however, not always possible to distinguish modal forms of the perfect from those of other reduplicated stems (present reduplicating class, reduplicated aorist, and intensive) either in form (because the reduplication is in many instances the same) or in meaning (because the perfect is often used in a present sense). Perfect Subjunctive. 8 487. The normal method of forming the stem is to add -a- to the strong perfect stem, accented on the radical syllable. In the active the secondary endings are more usual; e. g. tuştáv-a-t. If the primary endings are added in the active, the reduplicative syllable is in several forms9 accented, as jújos-a-si. In about a dozen forms, nearly all with secondary endings, the weak stem is employed, but whether the reduplicative syllable was then accented is uncertain, because the examples that occur are un- accented. Middle forms, numbering not many more than a dozen, occur only in the 3. sing., with the ending -te, and in the 3. pl. with the ending -anta. Active. Sing, 1. anajā ¹. 2. jújoşasi, didáyasi, paprcasi ¹3; cakradas, cākánas, cikitas ( √ cit-), jújoṣas, tatanas, dadāśas, dīdáyas, papráthas, piprayas, bubodhas, mamádas, māmáhas, mumucas¹, rāráṇas, sāsáhas, súṣūdas. ¹ With reversion to the original guttural. 2 With shortening of the radical vowel. 3 Without reduplication. — 3. ciketati (√ cit-), jújosati, dádāśati, dadhársati, dídešati ¹5, dīdáyati, búbodhati, mumocati, vavártati; cākánat, cākļpat (AV.), ciketat (√ cit-), jaghánat, jabhárat, jugurat (gur = gr- 'greet'), jújosat, jujuvat ¹4, tatánat, tustávat, dádāśat, dadhánat, dadhársat, papráthat, paspársat, pipráyat, mamádat (AV.), mamandat, dīdáyat, mumucat¹¼, mumurat (mur-— mṛ- ‘crush'), mumócat, rāráṇat, vavártat and vavrtat¹4, vavanat (TS. II. 4. 5¹), vividat ¹4, śuśravat, šūšuvat, sāsáhat, suṣūdat. 4 In RV. regularly erire, Pp. ā-īrire (but in I. 64 for eriré the accentuation should be érire á īrire). The AV. has once sam-îhiré (XIV. 146). 5 isire with irregular accent is probably to be regarded as a present (450, 2). 6 IF. 8, Anzeiger 13. —— - 7 From the secondary root dhanv-= dhan- 'run'. 8 Two subjunctive forms with double modal sign -ā- occur: papr căsi and vāvydhāti. 9 Cp. the accentuation of the reduplicating class. 10 Except the forms dīdáyasi, didáyati, dadhárşati and vavártati. ¹1 The two roots muc- and dhys- make sub- junctive forms from both the strong and weak stem. 12 RV. v. 54¹: this form (Pp. anaja) is regarded by DELBRÜCK 126 and AVERY 251 as a 2. pl. ind. 13 With donble modal sign -ā-. 14 With weak radical syllable. 15 Always ā-dideśati in relative clauses.