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Reorganisation of Judiciary following Integration
235. The integration of States rendered it possible to reorganise judiciary in the States and to make available to the people, law courts organised on the lines of the judiciary in the Provinces. In the changed set-up the provincially-merged States have become subject to the jurisdiction of the Provincial High Courts and considerable progress has been made in the direction of the reorganisation of the lower courts. In the case of States constituted into Centrally administered areas, Courts of Judicial Commissioners have been constituted. So far as the Unions of States are concerned, Union High Courts have been constituted on the lines of the corresponding Courts in the Provinces.
Judiciary of States under the new Constitution
236. The original draft of the Constitution differentiated between the States and the Provinces as regards the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and did not define the Constitution of the High Courts of the States. The Constitution as finally adopted removes this disparity and integrates the judicial systems of the Provinces and States into one co-ordinated system.
The framers of the new Constitution have taken particular care to ensure the independence of the judiciary. Appointment of judges of the Supreme Court as also of the High Courts of States, are to be made by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India. The High Courts of States in Part B are to be governed by the same provisions as apply to the High Courts of the States in Part A in the matter of their constitution, jurisdiction, etc. The only distinction which the Constitution recognises in this field is that unlike the salaries of the judges of the High Courts in States specified in Part A, the salaries of judges in Part B States will be such as the President may, in consultation with the Rajpramukh, prescribe. This is a provision of s transitory nature and has been made to meet the immediate needs of the High Courts of States.
237. The Constitution vests in the Supreme Court wide jurisdiction in respect of matters constitutional; civil and criminal. Parliament will have power to enlarge the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in respect of matters in the Union List as also to confer "ancillary powers" on it. The law declared by the Supreme Court will be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. All decrees and orders of the Supreme Court will be enforceable throughout the territory of India in such manner as may be prescribed by Parliament by law. All authorities, civil and judicial, in the territory of India are under a statutory obligation to act in aid of the
