A judgment of what taxes are advantageous.3. It is to be considered, whether the remainder can make all or any part of those Commodities, which are Imported from abroad: which of them, and how much in particular: The remainder of which sort of People (if any be) may safely and without possible prejudice to the Commonwealth, be employed in Arts and Exercises of pleasure and ornament; the greatest whereof is the Improvement of natural knowledge.
Having thus in general illustrated this point, which I think needs no other proof but illustration; I come next to intimate that no part of Europe hath |[40]| paid so much by way of Tax, and publick contribution, as Holland and Zealand for this last 100 Years; and yet no Country hath in the same time, increased their Wealth[1] comparably to them: And it is manifest they have followed the general considerations above-mentioned; for they Tax Meats and Drinks most heavily of all; to restrain the excessive expence of those things, which 24 hours doth (as to the use of Man,) wholly annihilate; and they are more favourable to Commodities of greater duration.
Nor do they Tax according to what Men gain, but in extraordinary cases; but always according to what Men spend: And most of all, according to what they spend needlesly, and without prospect of return. Upon which grounds, their Customs upon Goods Imported and Exported, are generally low; as if they intended by them, only to keep an account of their Foreign Trade; and to retaliate upon It is propable that Holland and England are grown rich under taxes. their Neighbour States, the prejudices done them, by their Prohibitions and Impositions.
It is further to be observed, that since the Year 1636, the grown Taxes and Publick |[41]| Levies made in England, Scotland, and Ireland, have been prodigiously greater than at any time heretofore; and yet the said Kingdoms have increased in their Wealth and Strength, for these last Forty Years, as shall hereafter be shewn[2].
It is said that the King of France, at present doth LevyThe difference of Princes Revenues.