cases and constitutions, have too often been experienced, to admit of any doubt, in consequence of an unsettled theory.
BUTTER-BURR, the Common, or Colt's-foot, the Tussilago Petasites, L. is an indigenous plant, growing in moist meadows, pastures, and banks of rivers. Its leaves are the largest of any plant in Britain, and, in heavy rains, afford a shelter to poultry, and other small animals. Its flowers appear in April, before the leaves, as in most other vernal plants. The root, dug up in spring, abounds with a resinous, aromatic matter: it has a strong smell, and a bitterish, acrid taste.
In Germany, the leaves of the butter-burr are bruised, and mixed with chaff, or cut straw; in which state they are fondly eaten by cattle.
Formerly, the root of this plant was highly esteemed as a sudorific, and alexipharmic, for which purposes a dram of it was given for a dose; but, as it has been found to possess those virtues in no very eminent degree, it has again been neglected in the shops. The late Sir John Hill, however, in his "Virtues of British Herbs," published in 1770, calls the common butter-burr an admirable medicine in fevers of the worst kind; as, when taken early, it prevents the mischiefs that often arise naturally in the disease; and oftener from the errors of physicians. Sir John farther informs us, that, about the middle of the last century, when a disease of the putrid kind prevailed in England, the same fever raged also in Germany; and while the English died by bleedings, and by chemical medicines, the Germans lived by the use of the butter-burr. He also very seriously speaks of a heavier visitation, and if the greatest of all calamities should come, there are few things from which we might expect so great relief as this herb. The Greeks used it with the greatest success; and the very name of the plant among the Germans, is pestilence-wort.—We trust, however, there will be no necessity for putting Sir John's assertion to the test of experience; as we should be apprehensive of the result.
BUTTER-CUP, Butter-flower, or Upright Meadow Crow-foot, the Ranunculus acris, L.; a very common weed, abounding in meadows and pastures: it has hairy leaves, and leaf-stalks; and bears yellow flowers in June and July.
Many continental farmers attribute the sudden death of cattle, which is often inexplicable, to their feeding on this plant; and therefore carefully extirpate it from fields and meadows. To ascertain this important point, we request our rural correspondents to communicate to us the result of their experience, which we propose to publish in a future Appendix to this Encyclopædia.—It is, however, certain, that the seed-buds of the butter-cup are extremely acrid, and may therefore be employed for vesicatories, instead of the Spanish fly; though its blossoms are eagerly visited by bees. Indeed, the whole plant is very acrid, and easily blisters the skin. Nevertheless, it is eaten by sheep and goats, but refused by cows, horses, and swine, let their pasture be ever so bare.
BUTTERFLY, or Papilio, in zoology, a well known insect, of
