Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 1, 1802).djvu/558

5*4] CHR says Herder, a celebrated G-ef- man author, affords a beautiful emblem of man's passage to a fu- ture life. The form of the chrysalis gene- rally approaches that of a cone : while the creature is in this state, it appears to be destitute both of le^s and wings, to have scarcely power to move ; and, in short, to be almost devoid of life. It takes no nourishment, nor has it indeed any organs for that purpose : its posterior part is all that seems ani- mated, which has the power of motion, in a very slight degree.' The external coat of the chrysalis is cartilaginous, of a considerable size, generally smooth and glossy, though some of them have a few hairs, while others are as hairy as the caterpillars from which they are produced ; and again others are rough, and in a manner shagreen- ed. When first produced, the chry- salis is soft, and the front of it moistened with a viscous liquor, which surrounds the wings, legs, &c. as it hardens almost imme- diately, all those limbs that were before separated, are consolidated into a mass. Having undergone its change, in this state, it perforates the shell with its head, and bursts forth into day, in its winged form. See Butterfly. As this admirable part of the animal creation has, hitherto, been almost entire"' v neglected by econo- mists, though it has always excited the attention of the curious natu- ralist, we have inserted the preced- ing concise account, to remind the ingenious inquirer, that even these rrently useless creatures may, baps, at some future time, be- e< rnr subservient to important pur- poses. CtC CATi-KriLLAR, p. 450. CHU CHUB, or Cephalus, L. is a spe- cies of the Cyprinus, a numerous genus of fish. It is mostly found in holes overshadowed by trees, where, these fish are seen floating during warm weather, in great numbers. Chub, being very full of bones, afford but an indifferent dish ; yet they furnish considerable amuse- ment to anglers, as they may be easily taken. The best mode of fishing for them is the following : Prepare a very strong rod of suffi- cient length, and fix to the hook a grasshopper, beetle, or any other large fly. This must be dropped gently at a small distance from the fish, which will bite immediately, if it does not see the angler, who should take the precaution of con- cealing himself from it ; as, being extremely timid, this fish sinks to the bottom, on the slightest alarm, and not unfrequently at the passing of a shadow. In March and April, it may be caught with large, red worms 5 in June and July with flies, snails, and cherries ; but in the months of August and September, the proper bait is good cheese pounded in a mortar with some saffron, and a small quantity of butter. The best season for this fish is winter, as the flesh is theft more firm, and better tasted. Dur- ing cold weather, the angler should keep his bait at the bottom, when it will be eagerly seized. CHURN, a vessel in which but- ter, by long and violent agitation, is separated from the serous part of milk. The inferiority of the churns in common use, has induced several ingenious mechanics to exert their skill in contriving others, that would render the process of making but- ter less tedious and expensive. Of these