Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 2, 1802).djvu/281

F AR [f, iccording to this | I m . be manured in each M fi( Id i, consistii ol 20 ea li, v. ill be all manured in tion ; and those containing 1 7 acres each, in seven years : a ject of the utmost importance independently of the abundant « rops rais< d inconsequence of this operation, the soil will thus renew its fertilizing properties. — The net produce of the different sorts of grain and pulse, as well as their respective quality and specific gra- vity, ought, in each experiment, to be minutely recorded. Mr. B. pro- poses to continue the annual ma- nuring of each field in rotation ; and particularly recommends the saving of the dung in compact masses, sheltered from the sun ; and also, in some measure, from the rain : though he allows, that the manure is not materially in- jured by the dropping of the rain on the area of the dung-heap, as some portion of moisture is abso- lutely necessary for promoting its fermentation. He farther advises the making of experiments on de- tached parts of the soil with lime, gypsum, clay, &c. in order to as- certain with precision their effects on different soils. In the 4th volume of Annals of Agriculture (1785), Mr. Arthur Young bitterly and justly com- plains of the unpardonable neglect ^nd indifference shewn to the inter- ests of agriculture, by the Sovereigns and courtiers of ail ages and coun- tries. Since that period, however, an exception prevails in Britain ; a Board of Agriculture has been established ; and though we cannot boast of many evident advantages which have resulted from that ex- cellent institution, yet there is every prospeft that a national or expe- F A R [251 ■ 1, be ut as - ij stem oi i 1 idern sub-- stantial improvements in husl dry." As the late Pn sldi ijt, ] I SuMKHvn.Li:, has proposed such an establishment to take pi, ice only the ' x.piration of four or five outly hope the first President of that Board, Sir John 1 1 air, will be enabled to carry this desirable measure into effect, by private subscription, at a much r period. With . respect to the expences and profits of farming, we cannot enter into any detail, as such par- ticulars necessarily depend on pe- culiar circumstances. The com- mon allowance on a farm, was, in Mr. Tull's time, three rents or assessments ; one for the landlord, a second for the expences, and the third for the tenant's subsistence, and for other purposes. There are, however, icw farms, even in the present improved state of agricul- ' ture, that will constantly afford this increase, or which can be car- ried on, and maintained at such a charge. For instance, in a farm wortii 1001. per annum, if the land be worth 20s. per acre, fOOl. will perhaps be sufficient to defray the expences necessarily incurred. But, if the soil of a farm, which is lelt at the same total amount of rent, be worth only 10s. per acre, an allowance must be made of 1201. or 1301. per annum, at the least for charges ; and 250 acres of land must be computed to be the extent of the farm, in order to make up the rent, otherwise con- siderable loss will necessarily be incurred, unless the land be capa- ble of great improvements. It should, however, be remarked, that