Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 4, 1802).djvu/27

SAQ S AF sides CI ddl^'.s ^jf- females, &q. N«r itverous accidents, howtnrei:, hap- pening, eJtlieA" from felie apirited and tiirl^qlent disposition of hor.^H, or the inability of ridors to Jseqp tiiQir seat irj a pr()}>er and steady man- ner, ingenioue- artists have con-, trived meaiw of preventing such iliisfbrtuwes. Among tiicse, we shall mention Mr. EpAi/;. Jones;'s WoiT)an Saddle - tree, with a spring head ; for tlie ijivention of «hi.i h he obtained a patent, in JVby 1-794. He construcls the near side head, or horn of the saddle- tree, so as to drop down by means of a steel, iron, or other spring 5 and, when the rider wishes to djs- mouju, by pushing the head or horn from her, it will instantly fall,- so that she rnay alight without dan- ger, in case the horse should take^ fright, or run away : thus, her clothes will never be entangled in the horn, and all farther inconvc- ijience arising frona the common mode of constructing saddles, will be effectually avoided. Such spijng may also be weakened, or strengths ened, according to the ability of tiie rider, by ipeans of certain screws ; which, being turned or admitted into the upper part of the near point, prevent the head from faUing, contrary to her inclination, or pleasure. In May 1801, a pfitent was granted to Mr. Walter Ingljss, for a method of making saddles, on a new and improved plan, by vJ)ich the rider is enabled to per- form longer journies on a roiigk' trotting horse, with gveater ease ' iban on any other saddle hitherto construded ; and also for contriv- ing the stirrup- bars in such a man- ner, that if a rider happen to fall from,. Of be thrown off his horse. lie win, in cdiiscqdence; be immc-^^' diately di.'iengaged. This inven- tion consists in giving elasticity to- the seat of the saddle, by introduc- ing a spring into the long struiriing ■web ; and in attaching the stirrup- bar to the saddle, by means of a' bolt connected with the rider, in such a manner, that, on. falling otF, or being thrown, he draws the bolt or fastehing, and the stirrup i->. pfirted from the saddle. For a" minute account of this patent^ the' reader will consult the 15th vol. of" the Repertorif of Arts, &c. where- 3 full specilication is given, and illustrated with an engraving, SAFFLOWER, or Bastard- Saffron, Carthamus, L. a genus- of exotic plants, comprising ten species, the principal of which is- the tiuciorius. Common or Dyer's- Safflower. It is a native of Egypt,' and the warmer climates of Asia? is' cultivated to a considerable extent- in various parts of Europe, and par- ticularly in the l^jvant ; whence' considerable quantities are annual-" ly imported into Britain. The Safflower is propagated by the seed, early in the spring, sow- ing it separately in drills, at the. distance of two feet and a half from each other. In the course of a- month, the young plants will ap- pear, and at the expiration of a si- milar period, it will be necessary to hoe the ground, leaving them six inches apart. A second hoeing' will likewise be proper, when the" plants should be thinn<?d to the distance at which they are intended to remain. If the soil be stirred a third time, no farther attention will be required, till the flowers . appear : the small blossoms, which form the compound flowers, ought to be cut in succession, as they at* tain to maturity : and then gradu- B^ ally