- "On the History of the Great Seals of England, especially those of Edward III" by Robert Willis in Archaeological Journal, 2 (1846), pp. 14–41
- "Remarks on Personal Seals during the Middle Ages" by Thomas Hudson Turner in Archaeological Journal, 5 (1848), pp. 1–8
- "Some Remarks on Seals, with Suggestions for a Practical Mode of Classifying them" by Weston Styleman Walford in Archaeological Journal, 8 (1851), pp. 64–74
- "Examples of Mediæval Seals" by Albert Way in Archaeological Journal, 8 (1851), pp. 74–78
- "Seal (mark)," in The New International Encyclopædia, New York: Dodd, Mead and Co. (1905)
- "Seals," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
