THE
THE
STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK
A STATISTICAL AND HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
STATES OF THE CIVILISED WORLD
Manual for
POLITICIANS AND MERCHANTS
FOR THE YEAR
1871
BY FREDERICK MARTIN
EIGHTH ANNUAL PUBLICATION
REVISED AFTER OFFICIAL RETURNS
London
MACMILLAN AND CO.
1871
The right of Translation and Reproduction is reserved
Man sagt oft: Zahlen regieren die Welt.
Das aber ist gewiss, Zahlen zeigen wie sie regiert wird.
LONDON : PRINTED BY
SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE
AND PARLIAMENT STREET
CONTENTS.
| page | ||
| Introduction. | ||
| CHRONICLE OF THE 'STATESMAN'S YEAR BOOK.' | ||
December, 1869—December, 1870 |
xiii | |
| COMPARATIVE TABLES. | ||
| Rank of European States, according to Area and to Population | xxvii | |
| The Great Centres of Population in Europe and America | xxviii | |
| Density of Population of the Principal States and Territorial Divisions of the
World |
xxix | |
| The Import Markets of the United Kingdom—Rank in 1869 and in 1870 | xxx | |
| The Export Markets of the United Kingdom—Rank in 1869 and 1870 | xxxi | |
| The Mercantile Navies of the World | xxxii | |
| Part the First. THE STATES OF EUROPE. | ||
| AUSTRIA:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 3 | |
| Constitution and Government of the Empire | 6 | |
| — — of German Austria | 7 | |
| — — of Hungary | 9 | |
| Church and Education | 11 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure of the Empire | 13 | |
| — — of German Austria | 14 | |
| — — of Hungary | 16 | |
| Army | 17 | |
| Navy | 19 | |
| Area and Population | 21 | |
| Trade and Industry | 23 | |
| Railways | 25 | |
| Weights and Measures | 26 | |
| Books of Reference | 26 | |
| BELGIUM:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 28 | |
| Constitution and Government | 29 | |
| Church and Education | 32 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 33 | |
| Army | 35 | |
| Area and Population | 36 | |
| Trade and Industry | 37 | |
| Railways | 39 | |
| Weights and Measures | 40 | |
| Books of Reference | 41 | |
| DENMARK:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 42 | |
| Constitution and Government | 44 | |
| Church and Education | 45 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 46 | |
| Army and Navy | 49 | |
| Population | 51 | |
| Trade and Industry | 52 | |
| Colonies | 53 | |
| Weights and Measures | 53 | |
| Books of Reference | 54 | |
| FRANCE:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 55 | |
| Church and Education | 56 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 60 | |
| Public Debt | 64 | |
| Army | 65 | |
| Navy | 69 | |
| Ironclads | 70 | |
| Area and Population | 75 | |
| Trade and Industry | 80 | |
| Commercial Marine | 85 | |
| Railways | 86 | |
| Colonies | 88 | |
| Weights and Measures | 89 | |
| Books of Reference | 90 | |
| GERMANY:— | ||
| Reigning Emperor | 93 | |
| Constitution and Government | 94 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 97 | |
| Army | 99 | |
| Navy | 100 | |
| Area and Population | 104 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 186 | |
| Weights and Measures | 189 | |
| Books of Reference | 190 | |
| States of Germany:— | ||
| 1. | Prussia:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 107 | |
| Constitution and Government | 110 | |
| Church and Education | 114 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 117 | |
| Army | 121 | |
| Area and Population | 123 | |
| Trade and Industry | 127 | |
| Railways | 130 | |
| 2. | Bavaria:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 131 | |
| Constitution and Government | 133 | |
| Church and Education | 134 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 135 | |
| Army and Population | 136 | |
| 3. | Würtemberg:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 139 | |
| Constitution and Government | 140 | |
| Church and Education | 141 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 142 | |
| Army and Population | 144 | |
| 4. | Saxony:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 145 | |
| Constitution and Government | 146 | |
| Church and Education | 147 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 147 | |
| Population | 149 | |
| 5. | Baden:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 150 | |
| Constitution and Revenue | 150 | |
| Army and Population | 153 | |
| 6. | Mecklenburg-Schwerin:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign | 154 | |
| Constitution, Revenue, and Population | 155 | |
| 7. | Hesse:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 156 | |
| Constitution, Revenue, and Population | 157 | |
| 8. | Oldenburg:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign | 158 | |
| Constitution, Revenue, and Population | 159 | |
| 9. | Brunswick:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign | 160 | |
| Constitution, Revenue, and Population | 161 | |
| 10. | Saxe-Weimar:— | |
| Reigning Sovereign | 162 | |
| Constitution, Revenue, and Population | 163 | |
| 11. | Mecklenburg-Strelitz | 164 |
| 12. | Saxe-Meiningen | 165 |
| 13. | Anhalt | 166 |
| 14. | Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | 168 |
| 15. | Saxe-Altenburg | 170 |
| 16. | Waldeck | 171 |
| 17. | Lippe-Detmold | 172 |
| 18. | Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | 173 |
| 19. | Schwarzburg-Sondershausen | 174 |
| 20. | Reuss-Schleiz | 175 |
| 21. | Schaumburg-Lippe | 176 |
| 22. | Reuss-Greiz | 177 |
| 23. | Hamburg | 178 |
| 24. | Lübeck | 182 |
| 25. | Bremen | 183 |
| Trade and Commerce:— | ||
| The Zollverein | 186 | |
| Weights and Measures | 189 | |
| Books of Reference concerning Germany | 190 | |
| GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 192 | |
| Constitution and Government | 195 | |
| Church and Education | 209 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 215 | |
| Taxation | 220 | |
| National Debt | 222 | |
| Army | 225 | |
| Navy | 232 | |
| Iron-clad Navy | 236 | |
| Population— | ||
| England and Wales | 241 | |
| Scotland | 246 | |
| Ireland | 248 | |
| Emigration | 254 | |
| Commerce and Industry— | ||
| Imports and Exports | 256 | |
| Shipping | 262 | |
| Textile Industry | 267 | |
| Minerals and Metals | 269 | |
| Railways | 272 | |
| Colonial Possessions | 273 | |
| Books of Reference— | ||
| Official Publications | 280 | |
| Non -official Publications | 282 | |
| GREECE:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 283 | |
| Constitution and Government | 284 | |
| Church and Education | 285 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 286 | |
| Army and Navy | 289 | |
| Population | 290 | |
| Trade and Industry | 292 | |
| Weights and Measures | 293 | |
| Books of Reference | 293 | |
| ITALY:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 295 | |
| Constitution and Government | 297 | |
| Church of Rome | 298 | |
| Sovereign Pontiff | 299 | |
| Cardinals | 302 | |
| Church and Education | 305 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 308 | |
| Public Debt | 311 | |
| Army and Navy | 312 | |
| Area and Population | 315 | |
| Trade and Industry | 320 | |
| Shipping | 322 | |
| Weights and Measures | 323 | |
| Books of Reference | 323 | |
| NETHERLANDS:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 326 | |
| Constitution and Government | 328 | |
| Church and Education | 329 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 330 | |
| Public Debt | 333 | |
| Army and Navy | 334 | |
| Area and Population | 337 | |
| Trade and Industry | 338 | |
| Shipping | 339 | |
| Colonies | 340 | |
| Weights and Measures | 341 | |
| Books of Reference | 341 | |
| PORTUGAL:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 343 | |
| Constitution and Government | 345 | |
| Church and Education | 346 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 348 | |
| Army and Navy | 350 | |
| Area and Population | 351 | |
| Trade and Industry | 351 | |
| Colonies | 353 | |
| Weights and Measures | 353 | |
| Books of Preference | 354 | |
| RUSSIA:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 355 | |
| Constitution and Government | 357 | |
| Church and Education | 362 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 365 | |
| National Debt | 368 | |
| Army | 372 | |
| Navy | 377 | |
| Area and Population | 379 | |
| Trade and Industry | 385 | |
| Shipping | 387 | |
| Railways | 388 | |
| Manufactures | 389 | |
| Weights and Measures | 390 | |
| Books of Reference | 390 | |
| SPAIN:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 393 | |
| Constitution and Government | 394 | |
| Church and Education | 396 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 399 | |
| National Debt | 401 | |
| Army and Navy | 403 | |
| Area and Population | 405 | |
| Trade and Industry | 409 | |
| Minerals | 410 | |
| Railways | 410 | |
| Colonies | 412 | |
| Weights and Measures | 415 | |
| Books of Reference | 415 | |
| SWEDEN and NORWAY:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 417 | |
| Dynastic Union | 418 | |
| Sweden:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 419 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 421 | |
| Army and Navy | 423 | |
| Area and Population | 425 | |
| Trade and Industry | 426 | |
| Railways | 427 | |
| Colonial Possession | 435 | |
| Weights and Measures | 435 | |
| Books of Reference | 436 | |
| Norway:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 429 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 431 | |
| Army and Navy | 431 | |
| Area and Population | 433 | |
| Trade and Industry | 434 | |
| Weights and Measures | 435 | |
| Books of Reference | 436 | |
| SWITZERLAND:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 438 | |
| Church and Education | 440 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 441 | |
| Army | 444 | |
| Area and Population | 446 | |
| Trade and Industry | 448 | |
| Railways | 449 | |
| Weights and Measures | 449 | |
| Books of Reference | 450 | |
| TURKEY and TRIBUTARY STATES:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 451 | |
| Constitution and Government | 452 | |
| Religion and Education | 454 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 457 | |
| Public Debt | 458 | |
| Army and Navy | 461 | |
| Area and Population | 465 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 469 | |
| Manufactures | 470 | |
| Tributary States— | ||
| 1. | Egypt:—See Part II. Africa. | |
| 2. | Roumania:— | |
| Constitution | 471 | |
| Revenue and Population | 472 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 474 | |
| 3. | Servia:— | |
| Government | 474 | |
| Revenue and Population | 475 | |
| Trade | 476 | |
| Weights and Measures | 476 | |
| Books of Reference | 477 | |
| Part the Second. THE STATES OF AMERICA, AFRICA, ASIA, AND AUSTRALASIA. | ||
| I. AMERICA. | ||
| ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 480 | |
| Revenue, Army, and Population | 481 | |
| Trade and Industry | 484 | |
| Railways | 484 | |
| Weights and Measures | 485 | |
| Books of Reference | 485 | |
| BOLIVIA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 487 | |
| Revenue and Population | 488 | |
| Trade and Industry | 489 | |
| Weights and Measures | 489 | |
| Books of Reference | 490 | |
| BRAZIL:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 491 | |
| Constitution and Government | 492 | |
| Church and Education | 494 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 495 | |
| Army and Navy | 498 | |
| Population | 500 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 502 | |
| Weights and Measures | 505 | |
| Books of Reference | 506 | |
| CANADA and BRITISH NORTH AMERICA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 508 | |
| Church and Education | 510 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 511 | |
| Army and Navy | 512 | |
| Population | 514 | |
| Trade and Industry | 517 | |
| Shipping | 519 | |
| Weights and Measures | 519 | |
| Books of Reference | 520 | |
| CHILI:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 521 | |
| Revenue and Population | 521 | |
| Trade and Industry | 523 | |
| Railways | 524 | |
| Weights and Measures | 524 | |
| Books of Reference | 525 | |
| COLOMBIA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 526 | |
| Revenue and Population | 527 | |
| Trade and Industry | 528 | |
| Weights and Measures | 529 | |
| Books of Reference | 530 | |
| COSTA RICA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 531 | |
| Revenue, Population, and Trade | 531 | |
| Weights and Measures | 533 | |
| Books of Reference | 534 | |
| ECUADOR:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 535 | |
| Revenue, Population, and Trade | 535 | |
| Weights and Measures | 536 | |
| Books of Reference | 537 | |
| MEXICO:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 538 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 539 | |
| Public Debt | 540 | |
| Area and Population | 541 | |
| Trade and Industry | 542 | |
| Weights and Measures | 544 | |
| Books of Reference | 544 | |
| PARAGUAY:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 546 | |
| Revenue and Army | 546 | |
| Population and Trade | 547 | |
| Weights and Measures | 548 | |
| Books of Reference | 549 | |
| PERU:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 550 | |
| Revenue, Army, and Population | 550 | |
| Trade and Industry | 552 | |
| Guano exports | 553 | |
| Weights and Measures | 554 | |
| Books of Reference | 555 | |
| UNITED STATES:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 556 | |
| Lists of Presidents | 557 | |
| Congress | 559 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 563 | |
| National Debt | 565 | |
| Army | 568 | |
| Navy | 571 | |
| Iron-clad Navy | 572 | |
| Area and Population | 575 | |
| Census of 1870 | 576 | |
| Immigration | 580 | |
| Trade and Industry | 584 | |
| Mines and Minerals | 589 | |
| Railways | 589 | |
| Commercial Marine | 590 | |
| Weights and Measures | 591 | |
| Books of Reference | 592 | |
| URUGUAY:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 594 | |
| Revenue, Army, and Population | 594 | |
| Trade and Industry | 595 | |
| Weights and Measures | 596 | |
| Books of Reference | 597 | |
| VENEZUELA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 598 | |
| Revenue, Population, and Trade | 599 | |
| Weights and Measures | 600 | |
| Books of Reference | 600 | |
| 2. AFRICA. | ||
| ALGERIA:— | ||
| Government, Revenue, and Army | 601 | |
| Area and Population | 602 | |
| Trade and Industry | 603 | |
| Weights and Measures | 605 | |
| Books of Reference | 605 | |
| CAPE OF GOOD HOPE:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 606 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 607 | |
| Area and Population | 608 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 610 | |
| Weights and Measures | 611 | |
| Books of Reference | 612 | |
| EGYPT:— | ||
| Government, Revenue, and Army | 613 | |
| Population and Trade | 615 | |
| Suez Canal | 617 | |
| Weights and Measures | 618 | |
| Books of Reference | 618 | |
| LIBERIA:— | ||
| Constitution | 619 | |
| Population and Trade | 620 | |
| Weights and Measures | 621 | |
| Books of Reference | 621 | |
| NATAL:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 622 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 622 | |
| Population | 623 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 624 | |
| Books of Reference | 625 | |
| 3. ASIA. | ||
| CEYLON:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 626 | |
| Reveune and Expenditure | 626 | |
| Population | 627 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 628 | |
| Weights and Measures | 629 | |
| Books of Reference | 629 | |
| CHINA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 630 | |
| Revenue and Population | 631 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 634 | |
| Treaty Ports | 635 | |
| Weights and Measures | 638 | |
| Books of Reference | 639 | |
| HONG KONG:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 641 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 641 | |
| Area and Population | 642 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 643 | |
| Weights and Measures | 645 | |
| Books of Reference | 645 | |
| INDIA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 646 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 648 | |
| Land Tax | 51 | |
| Public Debt | 655 | |
| Army | 656 | |
| Population | 658 | |
| Caste and Religion | 661 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 663 | |
| Shipping | 666 | |
| Railways | 668 | |
| Weights and Measures | 671 | |
| Books of Reference | 672 | |
| JAPAN:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 674 | |
| Army and Population | 675 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 677 | |
| Weights and Measures | 679 | |
| Books of Reference | 679 | |
| JAVA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 681 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 682 | |
| Army and Navy | 684 | |
| Area and Population | 685 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 686 | |
| Weights and Measures | 687 | |
| Books of Reference | 688 | |
| PERSIA:— | ||
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 689 | |
| Government, Religion, and Education | 689 | |
| Revenue and Army | 691 | |
| Area, Population, and Trade | 693 | |
| Weights and Measures | 695 | |
| Books of Reference | 696 | |
| SIAM:— | ||
| Government, Revenue, and Army | 697 | |
| Population and Trade | 698 | |
| Weights and Measures | 700 | |
| Books of Reference | 700 | |
| 4. AUSTRALASIA. | ||
| NEW SOUTH WALES:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 701 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 702 | |
| Public Debt | 702 | |
| Area and Population | 702 | |
| Trade and Industry | 704 | |
| Mineral Productions | 706 | |
| Railways | 707 | |
| NEW ZEALAND:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 708 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 709 | |
| Public Debt | 710 | |
| Area and Population | 711 | |
| Immigration | 713 | |
| Trade and Industry | 713 | |
| Mineral Productions | 715 | |
| QUEENSLAND:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 716 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 716 | |
| Public Debt | 717 | |
| Area and Population | 717 | |
| Trade and Industry | 718 | |
| Mineral Productions | 719 | |
| SOUTH AUSTRALIA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 720 | |
| Eevenue and Expenditure | 721 | |
| Public Debt | 721 | |
| Area and Population | 722 | |
| Trade and Industry | 724 | |
| Mines and Mineral Productions | 726 | |
| TASMANIA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 728 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 728 | |
| Public Debt | 729 | |
| Area and Population | 729 | |
| Census of 1870 | 730 | |
| Trade and Industry | 731 | |
| VICTORIA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 732 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 733 | |
| Public Debt | 735 | |
| Area and Population | 735 | |
| Origin of Population | 736 | |
| Immigration | 738 | |
| Trade and Commerce | 739 | |
| Exports and Imports | 740 | |
| Mining Industry | 742 | |
| Railways | 743 | |
| WESTERN AUSTRALIA:— | ||
| Constitution and Government | 745 | |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 745 | |
| Population and Trade | 746 | |
| Mining Industry | 747 | |
| Books of Reference concerning Australasia | 747 | |
| INDEX | 749 | |