SPIEGEL, Friedrich, a German orientalist, born at Kitzingen, near Würzburg, July 11, 1820. After studying at Erlangen, Leipsic, and Bonn, and spending several years in travel, he became in 1849 professor of oriental languages at Erlangen. Besides editing several Persian works, he has published Einleitung in die traditionellen Schriften der Parsen (2 vols., Leipsic, 1856-'60); Die altpersischen Keilinschriften (Leipsic, 1862); Eranische Alterthumskunde (2 vols., Leipsic, 1871-'3); and several grammars and minor treatises bearing on Iranian antiquities, religion, language, literature, and ethnology.