The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 3/Reports in American Newspapers/Manners and Customs in India
MANNERS AND CUSTOMS IN INDIA
(Appeal-Avalanche, January 21, 1894)
Swami Vive Kananda, the Hindoo monk, delivered a lecture at La Salette
Academy [Memphis] yesterday afternoon. Owing to the pouring rain, a very
small audience was present.
The subject discussed was "Manners and Customs in India." Vive Kananda is
advancing theories of religious thought which find ready lodgment in the
minds of some of the most advanced thinkers of this as well as other cities
of America.
His theory is fatal to the orthodox belief, as taught by the Christian
teachers. It has been the supreme effort of Christian America to enlighten
the beclouded minds of heathen India, but it seems that the oriental
splendor of Kananda's religion has eclipsed the beauty of the old-time
Christianity, as taught by our parents, and will find a rich field in which
to thrive in the minds of some of the better educated of America.
This is a day of "fads," and Kananda seems to be filling a "long felt want."
He is, perhaps, one of the most learned men of his country, and possesses a
wonderful amount of personal magnetism, and his hearers are charmed by his
eloquence. While he is liberal in his views, he sees very little to admire
in the orthodox Christianity. Kananda has received more marked attention in
Memphis than almost any lecturer or minister that has ever visited the city.
If a missionary to India was as cordially received as the Hindoo monk is
here the work of spreading the gospel of Christ in heathen lands would be
well advanced. His lecture yesterday afternoon was an interesting one from a
historic point of view. He is thoroughly familiar with the history and
traditions of his native country, from very ancient history up to the
present, and can describe the various places and objects of interest there
with grace and ease.
During his lecture he was frequently interrupted by questions propounded by
the ladies in the audience, and he answered all queries without the least
hesitancy, except when one of the ladies asked a question with the purpose
of drawing him out into a religious discussion. He refused to be led from
the original subject of his discourse and informed the interrogator that at
another time he would give his views on the "transmigration of the soul,"
etc.
In the course of his remarks he said that his grandfather was married when
he was 3 years old and his father married at 18, but he had never married at
all. A monk is not forbidden to marry, but if he takes a wife she becomes a
monk with the same powers and privileges and occupies the same social
position as her husband.[1]
In answer to a question, he said there were no divorces in India for any
cause, but if, after 14 years of married life, there were no children in the
family, the husband was allowed to marry another with the wife's consent,
but if she objected he could not marry again. His description of the ancient
mausoleums and temples were beautiful beyond comparison, and goes to show
that the ancients possessed scientific knowledge far superior to the most
expert artisans of the present day.
Swami Vivi Kananda will appear at the Y. M. H. A. Hall to-night for the last
time in this city. He is under contract with the "Slayton Lyceum Bureau," of
Chicago, to fill a three-years' engagement in this country. He will leave
tomorrow for Chicago, where he has an engagement for the night of the 25th.
(Detroit Tribune, February 15, 1894)
Last evening a good sized audience had the privilege of seeing and listening
to the famous Hindu Monk of the Brahmo Samaj, Swami Vive Kananda, as he
lectured at the Unitarian Church under the auspices of the Unity Club. He
appeared in native costume and made with his handsome face and stalwart
figure a distinguished appearance. His eloquence held the audience in rapt
attention and brought out applause at frequent intervals. He spoke of the
"Manners and Customs of India" and presented the subject in the most perfect
English. He said they did not call their country India nor themselves
Hindus. Hindostan was the name of the country and they were Brahmans. In
ancient times they spoke Sanscrit. In that language the reason and meaning
of a word was explained and made quite evident but now that is all gone.
Jupiter in Sanscrit meant "Father in Heaven." All the languages of northern
India were now practically the same, but if he should go into the southern
part of that country he could not converse with the people. In the words
father, mother, sister, brother, etc.; the Sanscrit gave very similar
pronunciations. This and other facts lead him to think we all come from the
common stock, Aryans. Nearly all branches of this race have lost their
identity
There were four castes, the priests, the landlords and military people, the
trades people and the artisans, laborers and servants. In the first three
castes the boys as the ages of ten, eleven and thirteen respectively are
placed in the hands of professors of universities and remain with them until
thirty, twenty-five and twenty years old, respectively. ... In ancient times
both boys and girls were instructed, but now only the boys are favored. An
effort, however, is being made to rectify the long-existing wrong. A good
share of the philosophy and laws of the land is the work of women during the
ancient times, before barbarians started to rule the land. In the eyes of
the Hindu the woman now has her rights. She holds her own and has the law on
her side.
When the student returns from college he is allowed to marry and have a
household. Husband and wife must bear the work and both have their rights.
In the military caste the daughters oftentimes can choose their husbands,
but in all other cases all arrangements are made by the parents. There is a
constant effort now being made to remedy infant marriage. The marriage
ceremony is very beautiful, each touches the heart of the other and they
swear before God and the assemblage that they will prove faithful to each
other. No man can be a priest until he marries. When a man attends public
worship he is always attended by his wife. In his worship the Hindu performs
five ceremonies, worship of his God, of his forefathers, of the poor, of the
dumb animals, and of learning. As long as a Hindu has anything in the house
a guest must never want. When he is satisfied then the children, then father
and mother partake. They are the poorest nation in the world, yet except in
times of famine no one dies of hunger. Civilization is a great work. But in
comparison the statement is made that in England one in every 400 is a
drunkard, while in India the proportion is one to every million. A
description was given of the ceremony of burning the dead. No publicity is
made except in the case of some great nobleman. After a fifteen days' fast
gifts are given by the relatives in behalf of the forefathers to the poor or
for the formation of some institution. On moral matters they stand head and
shoulders above all other nations.
- Notes
- ↑ It is quite unlikely that Swamiji made the remark attributed to him regarding the marriage of monks. This must have been an aberration on the part of the reporter, for, as is well known, if a Sannyasin takes a wife he is considered by the Hindu society to be a fallen person and beyond the pale.