The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 3/Reports in American Newspapers/The Women of India
THE WOMEN OF INDIA
(Detroit Free Press, March 25, 1894)
Kananda lectured last night at the Unitarian church on "The Women of India."
The speaker reverted to the women of ancient India, showing in what high
regard they are held in the holy books, where women were prophetesses. Their
spirituality then was admirable. It is unfair to judge women in the east by
the western standard. In the west woman is the wife; in the east she is the
mother. The Hindoos worship the idea of mother, and even the monks are
required to touch the earth with their foreheads before their mothers.
Chastity is much esteemed.
The lecture was one of the most interesting Kananda has delivered and he was
warmly received.
* * *
(Detroit Evening News, March 25, 1894)
Swami Vive Kananda lectured at the Unitarian Church last night on "The Women
of India, Past, Medieval and the Present." He stated that in India the woman
was the visible manifestation of God and that her whole life was given up to
the thought that she was a mother, and to be a perfect mother she must be
chaste. No mother in India ever abandoned her offspring, he said, and defied
any one to prove the contrary. The girls of India would die if they, like
American girls, were obliged to expose half their bodies to the vulgar gaze
of young men. He desired that India be judged from the standard of that
country and not from this.
* * *
(Tribune, April 1, 1894)
While Swami Kananda was in Detroit he had a number of conversations, in
which he answered questions regarding the women of India. It was the
information he thus imparted that suggested a public lecture from him on
this subject. But as he speaks without notes, some of the points he made in
private conversation did not appear in his public address. Then his friends
were in a measure disappointed. But one of his lady listeners has put on
paper some of the things he told in his afternoon talks, and it is now for
the first time given to the press:
To the great tablelands of the high Himalaya mountains first came the
Aryans, and there to this day abides the pure type of Brahman, a people
which we westerners can but dream of. Pure in thought, deed and action, so
honest that a bag of gold left in a public place would be found unharmed
twenty years after; so beautiful that, to use Kananda's own phrase, "to see
a girl in the fields is to pause and marvel that God could make anything so
exquisite." Their features are regular, their eyes and hair dark, and their
skin the color which would be produced by the drops which fell from a
pricked finger into a glass of milk. These are the Hindus in their pure
type, untainted and untrammeled.
As to their property laws, the wife's dowry belongs to her exclusively,
never becoming the property of the husband. She can sell or give away
without his consent. The gifts from any one to herself, including those of
the husband, are hers alone, to do with as she pleases.
Woman walks abroad without fear; she is as free as perfect trust in those
about her can render her. There is no zenana in the Himalayas, and there is
a part of India which the missionaries never reach. These villages are most
difficult of access. These people, untouched by Mahometan influence, can but
be reached by wearisome and toilsome climbing, and are unknown to Mahometan
and Christian alike.
INDIA'S FIRST INHABITANTS
In the forest of India are found races of wild people — very wild, even to
cannibalism. These are the original Indians and never were Aryan or Hindu.
As the Hindus settled in the country proper and spread over its vast area,
corruptions of many kinds found home among them. The sun was scorching and
the men exposed to it were dark in color.
Five generations are but needed to change the transparent glow of the white
complexion of the dwellers of the Himalaya Mountains to the bronzed hue of
the Hindu of India.
Kananda has one brother very fair and one darker than himself. His father
and mother are fair. The women are apt to be, the cruel etiquette of the
Zenana established for protection from the Mohammedans keeping them within
doors, fairer. Kananda is thirty-one years old.
A CLIP AT AMERICAN MEN
Kananda asserts with an amused twinkle in his eye that American men amuse
him. They profess to worship woman, but in his opinion they simply worship
youth and beauty. They never fall in love with wrinkles and gray hair. In
fact he is under a strong impression that American men once had a trick —
inherited, to be sure — of burning up their old women. Modern history calls
this the burning of witches. It was men who accused and condemned witches,
and it was usually the old age of the victim that led her to the stake. So
it is seen that burning women alive is not exclusively a Hindu custom. He
thought that if it were remembered that the Christian church burned old
women at the stake, there would be less horror expressed regarding the
burning of Hindu widows.
BURNINGS COMPARED
The Hindu widow went to her death agony amid feasting and song, arrayed in
her costliest garments and believing for the most part that such an act
meant the glories of Paradise for herself and family. She was worshipped as
a martyr and her name was enshrined among the family records.
However horrible the rite appears to us, it is a bright picture compared to
the burning of the Christian witch who, considered a guilty thing from the
first, was thrown in a stifling dungeon, tortured cruelly to extort
confession, subjected to an infamous trial, dragged amid jeering to the
stake and consoled amid her sufferings by the bystander's comfort that the
burning of her body was but the symbol for hell's everlasting fires, in
which her soul would suffer even greater torment.
MOTHERS ARE SACRED
Kananda says the Hindu is taught to worship the principle of motherhood. The
mother outranks the wife. The mother is holy. The motherhood of God is more
in his mind than the fatherhood.
All women, whatever the caste, are exempt from corporal punishment. Should a
woman murder, her head is spared. She may be placed astride a donkey facing
his tail. Thus riding through the streets a drummer shouts her crime, after
which she is free, her humiliation being deemed sufficient punishment to
serve as a preventive for further crime.
Should she care to repent, there are religious houses open to her, where she
can become purified or she can at her own option at once enter the class of
monks and so become a holy woman.
The question was put to Mr. Kananda whether the freedom thus allowed in the
joining the monks without a superior over them did not tend to hypocrisy
among the order, as he claims, of the purest of Hindu philosophers. Kananda
assented, but explained that there is no one between the people and the
monk. The monk has broken down all caste. A Brahmin will not touch the
low-caste Hindu but let him or her become a monk and the mightiest will
prostrate himself before the low-caste monk.
The people are obliged to take care of the monk, but only as long as they
believe in his sincerity. Once condemned for hypocrisy he is called a liar
and falls to the depths of mendicancy — a mere wandering beggar — inspiring
no respect.
OTHER THOUGHTS
A woman has the right of way with even a prince. When the studious Greeks
visited Hindustan to learn of the Hindu, all doors were open to them, but
when the Mohammedan with his sword and the Englishman with his bullets came
their doors were closed. Such guests were not welcomed. As Kananda
deliciously words it: "When the tiger comes we close our doors until he has
passed by."
The United States, says Kananda, has inspired him with hopes for great
possibilities in the future, but our destiny, as that of the world, rests
not in the lawmakers of today, but in the women. Mr. Kananda's words: "The
salvation of your country depends upon its women."