| ä
|
far, father
|
|
|
| ā
|
fate, hate
|
|
|
| a or ă
|
at, fat
|
|
|
| ã
|
air, care
|
|
|
| ạ
|
ado, sofa
|
|
|
| â
|
all, fall
|
|
|
| ch
|
choose, church
|
|
|
| ē
|
eel, we
|
|
|
| e or ĕ
|
bed, end
|
|
|
| ė
|
her, over: also Fr. e, as in de; eu, as in neuf; and oeu, as in boeuf, coeur; Ger. ö (or oe), as in ökonomie.
|
|
|
| ẹ
|
befall, elope
|
|
|
| ë
|
agent, trident
|
|
|
| ff
|
off, trough
|
|
|
| g
|
gas, get
|
|
|
| gw
|
anguish, guava
|
|
|
| h
|
hat, hot
|
|
|
| h or H
|
Ger. ch, as in nicht, wacht
|
|
|
| hw
|
what
|
|
|
| ī
|
file, ice
|
|
|
| i or ĭ
|
him, it
|
|
|
| î
|
between e and i, mostly in Oriental final syllables, as, Ferid-ud-din
|
|
|
| j
|
gem, genius
|
|
|
| kw
|
quaint, quite
|
|
|
| ṅ
|
Fr. nasal m or n, as in embonpoint, Jean, temps
|
|
|
|
| ñ
|
Span. ñ, as in cañon (căn'yǒn), piñon (pēn'yŏn)
|
|
|
| ng
|
mingle, singing
|
|
|
| nk
|
bank, ink
|
|
|
| ō
|
no, open
|
|
|
| o or ŏ
|
not, on
|
|
|
| ô
|
corn, nor
|
|
|
| ȯ
|
atom, symbol
|
|
|
| ọ
|
book, look
|
|
|
| oi
|
oil, soil; also Ger. eu, as in beutel
|
|
|
| ö or oo
|
fool, rule
|
|
|
| ou or ow
|
allow, bowsprit
|
|
|
| s
|
satisfy, sauce
|
|
|
| sh
|
show, sure
|
|
|
| th
|
thick, thin
|
|
|
| ð
|
father, thither
|
|
|
| ū
|
mute, use
|
|
|
| u or ŭ
|
but, us
|
|
|
| u̇
|
pull, put
|
|
|
| ü
|
between u and e, as in Fr. sur, Ger. Müller
|
|
|
| v
|
of, very
|
|
|
| y
|
(consonantal) yes, young
|
|
|
| z
|
pleasant, rose
|
|
|
| zh
|
azure, pleasure
|
|
|
| ′(prime), ′(secondary) accents, to indicate syllabic stress.
|
|
