Ar'gos, an important city of ancient Greece, in Argolis. It was believed to be the oldest city in Greece, dating back as far as 1500 B. C. At the time of the Trojan War it was a famous capital, and from it the Greeks were often called Argives (ar' jivz). Before the rise of Sparta, Argos was at the head of a powerful league of Doric cities, but in later Greek history it plays little part. Its site is occupied by a modern town of the same name, which has a population of about 10,000. Here are remains of ancient cyclopean structures, among them a grand amphitheater hewn in the rock and a large aqueduct.