Washington, A Guide to the Evergreen State

by Writers' Program of the Work Progress Administration

WASHINGTON A Guide to the Evergreen State Compiled by workers of the Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Washington AMERICAN GUIDE SERIES antoningen hag ILLUSTRATED . OY THE PACIFIC Sponsored by the Washington State Historical Society BINFORDS & MORT : Publishers: PORTLAND, ORE. COPYRIGIFEJ: BY: THE WASHINGTON STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1941 FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY JOIIN M. CARMODY, Administrator WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION HOWARD O. HUNTER, Commissioner FLORENCE KERR, Assistant Commissioner CARL W. SMITH, State Administratur PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE METROPOLITAN PRESS, PORTLAND, OREGON ALL RIGHTS ARE RESERVED, INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO REPRODUCE THIS BOOK OR PARTS TIIEREOF IN ANY FORM Foreword THIS GUIDE, written by the Washington Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration, has had a succession of sponsors. Next to the last of these, the Washington State Planning Council, withdrew because it lacked trained personnel to handle the manuscript. The Wash- ington State Historical Society, after much urging, finally accepted the sponsorship. The Society, therefore, has not been concerned with plan- ning the work, nor with compiling and writing. There was before the Society only the question of accuracy and inclusiveness. The members of the Project had written well, but errors are inevitable in a work of this magnitude. The final sponsor, the Washington State Historical Society, has had to do in four or five months what other historical societies serving as sponsors-as Virginia, Nebraska, Iowa, and Nevada-had three or four years to do: namely, to put to rights any faulty passages and, more happily, to verify the large amount of excellent and interesting material. There was the additional chore of bringing some parts up to date; for more than a year-and that a census year-had elapsed between the closing of the Project and the time of the manuscript's going to press. It is not claimed that the Society has caught all errors; in fact, it would be virtually impossible for any State guide-and we have studied thirty-six-to be wholly free from error. We have done this work for Washington as a labor of love, in addition to our regular job. Mr. T. C. Elliott of Walla Walla, Mr. Lancaster Pollard of Seattle, and Mr. W. P. Bonney of Tacoma, though frequently called on, have always given most valuable and most enthusiastic help. Mr. W. L. McCormick, newly elected President of the Society, has given constant encouragement. To Miss Charlotte Shackleford, a new and enthusiastic member of the Society, we give credit for the excellent index. She was assisted by Miss Elizabeth Shackleford and Mrs. Bessie S. Matthiews. O. B. SPERLIN, Acting President Washington State Historical Society Preface WASHINGTON: a Guide to the Evergreen State is the result of the collaboration of many minds. Working as a group, the staff of the Washington Writers' Project gathered, checked, re-checked, and as- sembled a multitude of facts gleaned from many and varied sources. Of inestimable value in the compilation of these data was the assistance received from hundreds of consultants-historians, pioneers, newspaper men, scientists, teachers, business men-who gave generously of their time, and from the many unselfish and friendly persons who assisted the field workers and the tour checkers, as they traveled from town to town along the thousands of miles of highways and byways that were covered. Without exaggeration, this book may be said to represent a community endeavor and a community interest. Each day, as the staff worked, the mass of interesting material grew. so that when the time came for final selection of what could be included in a book, much had to be omitted; so much, in fact, that this volume, comprehensive as it is, may be looked upon simply as an introduction to other volumes still to be written about the State-its people, its history, its resources, its cities and towns, its industries, its culture, its recrea- tional areas and scenic wonderlands. As one of the volumes of the American Guide Series, this book is a integral part of a dynamic and vibrant picture of these United States Basically, it is a guide for the use of tourists, both those from other State: and those within the State's borders. For them, in addition to a fund of practical information, there is a mass of interesting material about the State and its people, information which will add to the pleasure and un- derstanding of all those who travel in Washington. The appeal of the book, however, does not end here-nor does its value. Many are destined to be armchair travelers, and for these the book, with its fragments of history, short biographies, thumbnail pictures of people and places, with its many colorful pictures and carefully drawn maps, will afford hours of recreation, less exciting than actual travel but enjoyable, nevertheless, and far less strenuous; it will be sure to bring a feeling of the close bonds that tic the State of Washington to the other States of the Union. Against the panorama of the past, the reader will be able to see the moving picture of the present. The staff gratefully acknowledges the aid of Federal, State, and local governmental agencies and of civic, commercial, and sports associations. Particular appreciation is due the University of Washington and the Washington State College, to the staffs of the Seattle Public and of the University of Washington Libraries, to the State Planning Council, to the State Progress Commission, to the Federal and State parks depart- ments, to the State Bureau of Fisheries, to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and to the Forest Service. Appreciation is also due to postmasters, to cham- hers of commerce, to pioneer societies, and to newspaper editors through- out the State for the assistance given in many phases of the work. In addition, we are indebted to the Oregon Writers' Project for the com- pletion of the maps. The final manuscript was edited by Mary Barrett and Ilarold Rosenberg, of the Washington, D.C., Office of the Writers' Program. Among the many to whom the editors wish to express their gratitude for generous aid in special fields are: R. B. Inverarity, State Supervisor, Washington Art Project, who helped with the photo collection and designed the jacket; Professor Melville Jacobs, University of Wash- ington, who read the Indian material; Paul Ashford, who volunteered his services on the tours; Marian R. Jenkins, who worked on the Literature essay; Professor J. B. Harrison; C. Frank Malion, for assistance on Architecture; Kenneth Callahan; Dr. Garland Ethel; James F. O'Brien; John Guerin, who did much work on the maps; Professor G. E. Goodspeed; C. F. Pautzke; Dr. Viola Garfield; Pro- fessor Harry Burns; Dr. Harold Eby; Dr. Elton Guthrie; John oule; Robert Camozzi; and, rinally, the sponsor, Washington State Historical Society, whose Acting President, O. B. Sperlin, worked through the entire manuscript twice, supplying many vital corrections, and read both galley and page proofs. ANNE E. WINDHUSEN State Supervisor FUILHI-NUMIFFICE FOREWORD By O. B. Sperlin, Acting President of Washington State Historical Society PREFACE GENERAL INFORMATION RECREATIONAL AREAS CALENDAR OF EVENTS Contents Part 1. Washington: Past and Present . ● FROM SAGEBRUSH TO SEACOAST NATURAL SETTING INDIANS HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO LITERATURE ARTS AND CRAFTS MUSIC THE THEATER ARCHITECTURE • ABERDEEN-HOQUIAM BELLINGHAM EVERETT . TRANSPORTATION AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY, COMMERCE, AND LABOR EDUCATION RELIGION SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS SPORTS AND RECREATION . Part II. Citics • . ● . V vii xix xxiii xxvii 3 6 29 37 56 62 68 95 IOI 104 108 II4 120 129 135 142 154 165 175 186 OLYMPIA SEATTLE SPOKANE TACOMA VANCOUVER. WALLA WALLA WENATCHEE YAKIMA TOUR I TOUR 2 TOUR 3 Part III. Tours (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho)-Teanaway--Seattle [US 10] Section a. Idaho Line to Teanaway Section b. Teanaway to Seattle TOUR IA Davenport-Ginkgo Petrified Forest-Ellensburg [State 71 TOUR IB Junction with US 10-Coulee Dam-Mason City [State 2] TOUR IC Junction with US ro-Scenic-Everett [State 15] TOUR ID Renton-Mowich Entrance to Mount Rainier National Park [State 5] TOUR 7

. . TOUR 4A Newport-Canadian Line [State 61 TOUR 5 Davenport-Kettle Falls---Canadian Line [State 2] TOUR 6 (Cascade, B.C.)-Spokane-Pasco (US 395] Section a. Canadian Iine to Spokane Section b. Spokane to Pasco . 347 (Lewiston, Idaho)-Yakima--Olympia--Ioquiam [U5 41 353 Section a. Idaho Line to Pasco 354 Section b. Pasco to Yakima 370 Section c. Yakima to Olympia 377 Section d. Olympia to Aberdeen-Iquiam Maryhill Junction-Vancouver-Johnson's Landing [5%! Section a. Maryhill Junction to Vanniver Section b. Vancouver to Johnson's Landing TOUR 4 (Priest River, Idaho)---Spokane-(Leviton, I ho) [US pg] Section a. Idaho Line to Spokane Section b. Spokane to Idaho Line . ▼ . .

(Omnyoos, B.C.)-Teanaway-(Biggs, Oregon) [US 97] Section a. Canadian Line to Teateway Section b. Teanaway to Oregou Line . . " • · 201 2010 201 278 281) 205 299 307 307 316 325 33- 3.3 395 396 408 414 14 418 428 432 4.38 439 443 449 450 463 TOUR 8 (Vancouver, B.C.)-Mount Vernon-Everett-Seattle-Olym- pia-Marys Corner-(Portland, Oregon) [US 99] Section a. Canadian Line to Mount Vernon 470 471 Section b. Mount Vernon to Seattle Seattle to Olympia 476 Section c. 481 Section d. Olympia to Marys Corner 487 Section e. Marys Corner to the Oregon Line 494 TOUR 8A Bellingham-Mount Baker Lodge-Kulshan Ridge [State 1] 502 TOUR 8B Burlington-Rockport-Ross Dam [State 17Al 508 TOUR 9 TOUR 8C Mount Vernon-Oak Harbor-Columbia Beach [State and ID] TOUR 8D Tacoma-Nisqually Entrance to Mount Rainier National Park [State 5]. CONTENTS TOUR 8E Marys Corner-Ohanapecosh Entrance to Mount Rainier Na- tional Park [State 5] . Section c. Section d. Aberdeen to Megler TOUR 9A Junction with US 101-Gig Harbor [State 14] MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK Forks to Aberdeen Junction with US 410-Port Angeles-Hoquiam-Aberdeen- Megler-(Astoria, Oregon) [US ror] Section a. Junction with US 410 to Sequim Section b. Sequim to Forks PARK TOUR 2. · PARK TOUR 3. ● PARK TOUR 1. Nisqually Entrance to Paradise Valley PARK TOUR 1A. Nisqually Road to the North Puyallup River · White River Entrance to Yakima (Sun- rise) Park · Carbon River Entrance to Junction with the Wonderland Trail · . . PARK TOUR 4. Ohanapecosh Entrance to (US 410) Cayuse Pass SUMMIT CLIMB. Paradise Inn to Summit of Mount Rainier WONDERLAND TRAIL. Circuit of Mount Rainier from Longmire. xi • 516 525 53⁰ 538 539 548 555 559 568 576 582 586 587 589 590 591 593 xii WASHINGTON OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK PUGET SOUND TOURS ISLAND TOURS CROSS-SOUND TOUR 1. CROSS-SOUND TOUR 2. CROSS-SOUND TOUR 3. INDEX ● ISLAND TOUR 1. CHRONOLOGY BIBLIOGRAPHY ISLAND TOUR 2. ISLAND TOUR 3. Seattle to Suquamish Scattle to Bremerton Edmonds to Port Ludlow Seattle to Vashon Island and around the Island Seattle to Bainbridge Island and around the Island . Chuckanut (mainland)-Orcas Island -San Juan Island Anacortes (mainland)-Mount Vernon Part IV. Appendices . . • 398 607 600 610 614 616 616 618 622 637 (144 054 ISRANANCIAME Illustrations THE COAST View of the Olympic Mountains from Seattle Washington State Progress Commission Mount Baker from Mount Con- stitution in San Juan Islands Washington State Progress Commission North Head Lighthouse at Entrance to Columbia River Sunset over the Pacific as Seen from the Olympic Peninsula Milwaukee Road Airview, Deception Pass Bridge IIalibut Fleet in Seattle Ilarbor Seattle Post-Intelligencer Fishermen Repairing Nets on Open Docks at Salmon Bay Terminal Seattle Post-Intelligencer HISTORY: THE INDIANS State Capitol, Olympia Olympia Chamber of Commerce Crowd Assembled at the Capitol for Inauguration of Elisha P. Ferry as Governor in 1889, the first year of Statehood Olympia Chamber of Commerce TEKINGSMU Fort Walla Walla U. S. Army Signal Corps Chemakane Mission U. S. Army Signal Corps Between pages 160 and 161 Purse Seining, Puget Sound Washington State Progress Commission Purse Seining, Puget Sound Washington State Progress Commission Surf Fishing R. B. Inverarity Digging for Clams Washington State Progress Commission Indian Crews Bring Their Craft near the Finish Line in the In- ternational War Canoe Sweepstakes Otto M. Jones Sailboats Racing on Puget Sound A. N. Nickols Bachelor's Hall Takes to the Air Harry A. Kirwin A Catch of Salmon from Puget Sound Waters Between pages 190 and 191 Alexander's Blockhouse, Coupeville Stuart B. Hertz "Officers Club," Vancouver Barracks Camera Shop, Vancouver Freeport, a Typical Western Town Riverside Avenue, Spokane, after the fire of 1889 S. S. Beaver, first steamship on the Pacific Coast Hudson's Bay Company Scattle Wharves (1878) HISTORY: THE INDIANS-Continued Petroglyph, near Rock Island Coast Indians Weaving Baskets Makah Indian R. B. Inverarity THE DAMS Night Fiew of Coulee Dam Under Construction Department of Interior Riggers Riding a IIoisting Cable Iligh Above Waters During Dam Construction H'orkmen 072 the Downstream Face of Dam in the Spillway Section Department of Interior General View of Coulce Dam, Showing Contractor's Town in Foreground and Engineer's Town in Background Department of Interior Upstream Face and Reservoir, Coulee Dam Department of Interior Grand Coulee Country Department of Interior AGRICULTURE The Old and the New Washington State Progress Commission Cattle Roundup Asahel Curtis Sheep on the Range Department of Interior Dairy Farm Scene on Yakima Project Department of Interior To Gather the Ilarvest Fruit Picker Department of Interior Wife of Farm Migrant Farm Security Administration Nez Perce War Parade (July 4, 1901) Indian Village-Nespelem R. B. Inverarity Between pages 252 and 253 Downstream Face and Power Ilouse Under Construction, Coulce Dam Department of Interior Bonneville Dam Washington State Progress Commission Rock Island Dam near Wenatchee Puget Sound Power & Light Company Diablo Dam Seattle City Light Company Salmon Entering Elevator at Rock Island Dam Department of Interior View of Fishway and Control Gate Spillway for Migration of Salman by Side of Rock Island Dam Department of Interior Retireen pages 282 and 283 Migratory Farm Workers Picking Hops Department of Interior Chinese Laburer in Potato Field Farm Security Administration Clearing the Land Farm Security Administration Reclamation Department of Interior Stacking Alfalfa Farm Security Administration A Farmstead in the Yakima Val- ley (lops in Foreground) Farm Security Administration IN THE CITIES AND TOWNS Tacoma (Mount Rainier in Background) Washington State Progress Commission Business District, Seattle Frank Jacobs Bellingham Bert Huntoon Airview, Spokane Spokane Chamber of Commerce The Pioncer Mother Statue by Avard Fairbanks, Vancouver Camera Shop, Vancouver Japanese Girls Dance in a Fourth of July Celebration in Scattle Seattle Post-Intelligencer TRANSPORTATION Lumber Mills, Everett INDUSTRY, COMMERCE AND Washington State Progress Commission Columbia River Farm Security Administration Lake Union-Puget Sound Ship Canal Airview, Seattle Waterfront (Mount Baker in Background) Charles R. Laidlaw Port of Longview ILLUSTRATIONS Between pages 312 and 313 Youngsters Taking a Pide in a WPA Nursery School Works Progress Administration The First Home of the University of Washington Built in the early 1860's Covington House, Vancouver Vancouver Chamber of Commerce Longview Chamber of Commerce "Ampere"-Bonneville Dam Transformer Howard J. Burnham Holden Minc (Lake Chelan, from which comes half the gold and half the copper mined in the state) Campus, Washington State College, Pullman Hutchison Photo Service Entrance to Fort Lewis, Tacoma Main Street of a Typical Boom Construction Town Farm Security Administration Mill Workers' Cottages Farm Security Administration Between pages 342 and 343 Lake Washington Floating Bridge, Seattle Interstate Bridge, Longview Longview Chamber of Commerce Power House, Diablo Dam Seattle City Light Company A Forty-two Ton Clipper Made in Bocing Plant for Pan- American Airways, takes off at Scattle Wind Tunnel, University of Washington Vancouver Waterfront, Showing Port Terminal and Grain Elevator Camera Shop, Vancouver Wrapping and Packing Apples in a Yakima Plant Jerry Dwyer LUMBERING Undercutting a Fir Logging Operations at a Loading Station on the Olympic Peninsula Simpson Logging Company Tractors Are Used for Hauling Logs Through the Forest Western Tractor and Equip- ment Company Washington Logs Before Sawing in a Longview Mill Farm Security Administration Airview, Lumber Mill at Longvietu Longview Chamber of Commerce Airvieru of Lumber Plant Along Lake Washington Ship Canal, Scattle Frank Jacobs IN THE MOUNTAINS Mount Baker U. S. Forest Service Skiers Resting on Slopes of Mount Rainier Orville Borgersen Skagit Basin Seattle City Light Company Grevasse on Mount Baker Stuart B. Hertz Rainier National Park Co. Trout Rearing Ponds at Seward Park Hatchery Between pages 372 and 373 Frank Jacobs On Diablo Lake (Excursion) Seattle City Light Company In a Seattle Lumberyard Sawmill in the Forest Caterpillar Tractor Company Oxen Dragging Log Over Skid Road Through Forest Yarding Donkey U. S. Forest Service 1 Forest Ilomestead (1910) U. S. Forest Service Main Street, Monte Cristo (1847) Gifford Pinchot Trainload of Logs on Wooden Trestle Gifford and Prentiss Cutover Land Caterpillar Tractor Compare CCC Boys I'eeding a Forest Nursery Civilian Conservation Corps Between pages 402 and 403 Trout Fishing Washington State Progress Commission Mount St. Helens Washington State Profess Commission Mountain Climbers Scaling Ice Mountain Goats, Chelan National Walls Near Summit of Mount Rainier Forest Along the lighway to Mount Baker Ski Field Bert Huntoon Oliver T. Edwards Flowers Bloom at the Edge of Receding Snow Drifts on Mount Rainier Rainier National Park Co. Mother Bear and Cubs In Rainier National Park ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀HINIUMSUNG STATE MAP. TRANSPORTATION TOUR KEY MAP ABERDEEN-IOQUIAM BELLINGHAM EVERETT OLYMPIA Down TowN SEATTLE SEATTLE SPOKANE TACOMA VANCOUVER. MOUNT ADAMS RECREATIONAL AREA NOOKSACK RECREATIONAL AREA MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL FOREST OLYMPIC NATIONAL FOREST SAN JUAN ISLANDS . . Maps ● . Back pocket Back of state Map Front end paper PAGE 172-173 ● 182 196 206 222 226 256 270 284 400 506 578-579 602 624 ARIONET BEN G General Information Railroads: Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific R.R. (Mil- waukee), Great Northern R.R. (G.N.), Northern Pacific R. R. (N.P.), Union Pacific R.R. (U.P.). Intrastate: Spokane, Portland and Seattle R.R. (S.P.&S.). Milwaukee, G.N., and N.P. cross the Cascades; U.P. and S.P.&S. parallel the Columbia River between Wash- ington and Oregon. Highways: 9 Federal highways, 7 with interstate connections; 22 State highways. Highways through the three passes of the Cascade Range: Stevens, Snoqualmie, Chinook; only Snoqualmie open during winter. Satus Pass through the Horse Ileaven Hills gives access to the Columbia River Gorge. Inspection only at the Canadian Border. State highways policed by State patrol. Water and gasoline stations somewhat scarce in castern Washington off main highways. Gasoline tax 6c. Bus Lines: Interstate: Washington Motor Coach System to the East from the Puget Sound area; Union Pacific Stages to the East and South from southeastern Washington; Priest River Stage Line to Idaho from Spokane; North Coast Lines to Canada and Oregon; Pacific Stages, Ltd., to Canada; Spokane-Butte Motor Stage Co. to Idaho and Mon- tana; Independent Stages, Inc., Consolidated Transportation Co., and Benjamin Franklin Lines along the Coast. Intrastate: Numerous lines connecting cities and towns. Air Lines: Trans-Canada Air Lines, Ltd., between Vancouver, British Columbia, and Scattle; Northwest Airlines between Chicago and Seattle via Spokane, Wenatchee, Yakima; United Air Lines between New York and Seattle and Vancouver, B. C., and between Spokane and Pendleton Oregon, via Walla Walla; Pan-American Airways between Seattle and Alaska. Water Transportation: Trans-Pacific from Seattle: Pacific Northwest Oriental Steamship Co., Inc., and Nippon Yusen Kaisya. Coastwise from.. Seattle: Canadian Pacific Steamship, Ltd., boats to British Columbia ports; Alaska Steamship Co., Alaska Transportation Co., and Northland Transportation Co., to Alaska. Puget Sound: Black Ball Ferry Lines, Ballard-Ludlow Ferry Co., and Kitsap Transportation Co. connect im- portant ports. Auto ferries and steamers, operating on the inland waters of the State, serve most shore-side towns. Motor Vehicle Laws (digest.): Maximum speed, 50 m.p.h.; on curves and intersections and past schoolhouses and crossings between hours of 8 a.m. and 5 p.m., 15 m.p.h. Nonresident license good for go days. Minimum age for drivers, 16 years. Speed limit through towns usually 25 m.p.h. Uniform signs mark State highways: diamond indicates slow; square, caution; Octagonal, stop; and round, railroad crossing. Hand signals must be used. Spotlights permitted, provided beam is directed to right while on main-traveled routes. Windshield wipers and rear-vision mirrors required. Personal injury or property damage must be reported to local authority within 24 hours. Complete State motor vehicle laws available at all towns and cities. Prohibited: Coasting in neutral; parking on highway or with less than 16 feet clearance from main-traveled road; use of stickers (except cer- tificates required by law); use of sirens; passing to right on highways; passing loading or unloading streetcars except at safety islands. Accommodations: Except in urban centers, accommodations are limited to numerous auto camps; facilities generally good. Provisions and sup- plies available at auto camps on main highways and roads. Accommoda- tions are limited at Mount Rainier from October 15 to June 20, except at Paradise Valley (open all winter). Island resorts on Puget Sound usually closed during winter; accommodations scarce on Olympic Peninsula. Climate and Equipment: In coastal regions, climate is temperate, with heavy seasonal rainfall; in eastern Washington, hot, dry summers and fairly cold winters. Snowfall heavy in mountain areas. Average-weight clothing, including topcoats, is suitable. Special equipment for hunting, fishing, or mountain climbing available locally (see Tours). Some mountain passes closed by snow in midwinter; information available from weather reports and State highway bulletins. Most springs and streams in mountain and forest regions are safe for drinking purposes, but care should be taken in settled and farming areas. Associations: Washington State Sportsmen's Council, 1001 Fourth and Pike Bldg., Seattle, comprising 132 clubs, supplies information on 90 per cent of State associations and recreational clubs. The Mountaineers, 214 Rialto Bldg., Seattle. Olympicans, Henderson Bldg., Bremerton. Ski and yacht clubs at various cities (see Cities). Forest Fire Season: April 15 to October 15. During season, some forest sections entirely closed. Campers in State and National Forest areas, except at designated campgrounds, must be equipped with shovel, bucket, and axe; permits must be obtained for campfires. Fires must be extin- guished before camp is abandoned. Forest Headquarters: Snoqualmie National Forest, Federal Bldg., Seattle; ranger stations, North Bend, Skykomish, Mineral, Parkway, Naches. Wenatchee National Forest, P.O. Bldg., Wenatchee; ranger stations, Entiat and Leavenworth. Chelan National Forest, Okanogan; ranger stations, Winthrop, Conconully, Twisp, Mazama, Chelan, and Stehekin. Columbia National Forest, P.O. Bldg., Vancouver; ranger stations, Carson, Randle, Spirit Lake, Trout Lake, and Packwood. Colville National Forest, P.O. Bldg., Republic; ranger stations, Tonas- ket, Republic, Kettle Falls. Mount Baker National Forest, P.O. Bldg., Bellingham; ranger stations, Darrington, Glacier, Sauk, Marblemount, Granite Falls, and Concrete. Olympic National Forest, P.O. Bldg., Olympia; ranger stations, Port Angeles, Quilcene, Hoodsport, and Quinault. Kaniksu National Forest, P.O. Bldg., Sand Point, Idaho; ranger stations, Ione, Newport, and Colville, Washington. Umatilla National Forest, P.O. Bldg., Pendleton, Oregon; ranger stations, Walla Walla, Pomeroy, Dayton, and Ukiah, Washington. Information, regu- lations, and fire permits available at forest headquarters and ranger stations. Fish and Game Laws: Laws filed by State Fish and Game Commission annually; open season and bag limits vary. (Pamphlet of laws, obtainable at all sporting goods stores, includes open seasons, bag limits, and excep- tions). License Fees: Hunting and fishing: resident $3 (State), $1.50 (county); nonresident, $25 (State); alien, $25 (State). Fishing: resident, $5 (State); nonresident, $5 (State), $3 (county); alien, $5 (county). Nonresident must hold permit to carry firearms in order to obtain license. License obtainable at most sporting goods stores and from county auditors. Liquor Laves: Wines and distilled liquors for sale at State liquor stores, found in most cities and towns, to persons with permits. Permit granted to person 21 years of age; fee 50e per year. Beer and wine are sold by the drink in restaurants and bars; by the bottle, in grocery and drug- stores; no permit required. No restrictions on bringing liquor into State for private consumption. Poisonous Snakes, Plants, Insects: The rattlesnake, only venomous rep- tile in the State, is restricted almost entirely to arid sections of eastern Washington. Iikers there should be equipped with heavy leather boots or puttees and simple snake-bite kit, obtainable at drugstores. Wood ticks infest some sagebrush areas of eastern Washington during early summer. They may be carriers of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but the disease is not common; inoculation unnecessary. Wood ricks should not be pulled off, hut saturated with turpentine or kerosene. Numerous species of poisonous mushrooms are common; edible varieties should be positively identified. Black widow spiders infrequent; bites should receive immediate treatment. Poison oak and poison ivy, native to Washington, are found on both sides of the Cascades Flowers and Trees: Picking, cutting, or destruction of plants within 3(*) feet of State or county rowds, or on street or highway, or in any State or city park is prohibitel by law. M Recreational Areas -|| LEAVENWORTH (sce Tour 1C), Wenatchee National Forest. Winter Sports area with numerous forest camps, lakes, and trails. Tum- water Canyon, Drury Falls; Wenatchee River; Icicle River. Abundant wild life; berrying. SKYKOMISH (sce Tour 1C), Snoqualmie National Forest. Hundreds of lakes, rivers, and creeks and numerous trails. Certain sections along North Bank of the Skykomish River, Foss River, Beckler River and Index Creek, closed during fire season except under special weather con- ditions. Popular fishing points at Lake Isabel, North Fork of the Sky- komish River, Silver Creek, Silver Lake, Twin Lakes, Troublesome Creck, Trout Creek in North Fork of the Skykomish section; South Fork of the Skykomish and Money Creek in same section; both forks of Miller River and Lake Dorothy, Bear Lake, Deer Lake, Snoqualmie Lake, Beckler River, and Rapid River in Miller River section; Foss River, Trout Lake, Delta Lake, Copper Lake, and Angeline Lake in Foss River section; Tye River and Martin Creek, Deception Creek, Surprise Creek and Lake, Glacier Lake, and Lake Josephine in Tye River section. Winter sports in Stevens Pass; ski development under way. LAKE WENATCHEE (see Wenatchee and Tour 1C), Wenatchee National Forest. Lake Wenatchee and Fish Lake, on highway; swim- ming, camping, picnicking, fishing, boating. Winter sports in season at Stevens Pass, State 15. Forest roads 18 m. up little Wenatchee River from Lake Wenatchee; 14 m. up White River; about 35 m. up Chiwawa River. CLE ELUM (sce Tour 2c), Snoqualmie National Forest. Salmon LaSac Guard Station and Camp, 18 miles from Cle Elum; Salmon LaSac to Cooper Lake, 5 m. to Jolly Mountain Lookout, 6 m. by trail; to Lake Waptus, 11 m.; to Fish Lake, 16 m. Trails well developed. Trout fish- ing; deer and bear hunting. Heavy snows in winter. Tobogganing and skiing arca, 21 m. W. of Cle Elum near US 10. Highway open all winter. WHITE RIVER AND NACHES (see Tour 2c), Snoqualmie Na- tional Forest. Bumping Lake: fishing, outboard racing, skiing, American River; Rattlesnake Camp Preserve; Mather Memorial Parkway; Green- water River; Naches River; lakes on Cascade Crest Trail. Summer forest homesites; numerous trails; berrying. TIETON (see Tour 2c), Snoqualmie National Forest. Ticton River; Rimrock Lake. Deer, elk, bear, blue grouse hunting; fishing and boating. WIND RIVER (sce Tour 3a), Columbia National Forest. Govern- mental Mineral Springs Camp, one-day hiking trips; Little Soda Springs camp; Trout Creek Camp; Wind River; Wind River Nursery. Huckle- berrying. Indian horse racing, deer hunting, steelhead fishing. TWIN BUTTES (see Tour 3a), Columbia National Forest. Race Track Guard Station, 22 m. NE. of Carson. Goose Lake, 5 m.; fishing, forest camp, lava beds. Peterson Registration Station, 36 m. NE. of Car- son, forest road fair; starting point to Mount Adams huckleberry fields (reserved for Indians) and numerous Indian camp grounds. Guler and Ranger Station, 25 m. NW. of White Salmon; starting point for ice cave explorations, 5 m. W.; headquarters for fishing at Trout Lake; hotel accommodations. KETTLE FALLS (sce Tour 5), Colville National Forest. Game pre- serve W. of highway between South Fork of Deadman Creek and Boulder Creek. Area sparsely settled, bordered by Kettle River. CARIBOU TRAIL. (see Tour 7a). Colville National Forest. Bona- parte Lake, 21 m. E. of Tonasket; good fishing, camping; no hunting. REPUBLIC (see Tour 7a), Colville National Forest. Trout fishing at Swan, Fish, and Long lakes, reached by new branch road, 10 m. S. of Republic; camp-grounds. LAKE CHELAN (see Tour 7a), Chelan and Wenatchee national forests. Domke Lake and return, 5 m., fine fishing; Rainbow Falls, 3 m. up Stelekin River; Lyman Lake Trail via Glacier Trail, 11 m. up Stehekin River, L. 19 m. along Agnes Creek, to Lyman Lake. Lower Horseshoe and Upper Horseshoe basins near Cascade Pass. Horses, guides, equipment available at Lucerne and Stehckin. MOUNT ADAMS (see Tour 7b), Columbia National Forest. Alpin- ing and mountaineering. NOOKSACK (see Tour 8A), Mount Baker National Forest Lakes frozen in winter; summer fishing; alpining; skiing; trail trips; public camp accommodations. HEATHER MEADOWS (see Tour 8A), Mount Baker National Forest (area usually called Mount Baker). Road open to Mount Baker Lodge; downhill, slalom, cross-country skiing, escalator, hotel, cabin accommodations; first-aid stations. Winter sports from November to June; meadow flowers, alpining, and hiking in summer. BAKER RIVER (see Tour 8B), Mount Baker National Forest. Forest road through area from Concrete to Baker Lodge, 22 m. Eleven trail trips; to Dock Butte, 6.5 m.; Mazama Park, 9 m.; Wanlick Creek to Elbow Lake, 14 m.; Upper Creck Park to Martin Lake, 5 m.; Baker Hot Springs, 2.5 m., swimming; Swift Creek Trail, through Austin Pass, about 11 m.; Upper Baker Trail to Eagle Creek, 13 m., trout fishing; Baker Lake Lookout, 2.5 m.; Shuksan Lake, 11 m. (3 miles rough walking), good fishing in late summer; Anderson Butte, 6.5 m., forest lookout station. RANDLE (see Tour 8E), Columbia National Forest. North Fork Forest Camp, 10 m. S. of Randle; Chain of Lakes District 30 m. Ex- cellent camping, fishing, huckleberrying, hiking. Area between North Fork and Registration Station, 16 m., closed to camping July 1-Sept. 30. Varied views of Mount Adams. PACKWOOD (see Tour 8E), Columbia National Forest. Packwood Lake; Soda Springs; Cowlitz River. Fishing, forest camps and trails; hiking and alpining. GOAT ROCKS RECREATION AREA (see Tour 8E), Columbia National Forest. Accessible only by trail; no developed campgrounds; fishing limited; goat hunting not allowed. Lost Lake Trail; Purcell Creek Trail, Clear Fork Trail. Guides and horses available at Packwood. SPIRIT LAKE (see Tour 8e), Columbia National Forest. Mount St. Helens (9,671 alt.), active volcano as late as November 23, 1842; alpining. Spirit Lake: boating, fishing, swimming, camping, hiking. Smith Creek Butte Lookout, 8 m. SE. of Spirit Lake; St. Helens Lake 3 m., fishing; good road. HOOD CANAL (see Tour 9a), Olympic National Forest. Lake Cushman: Skokomish Primitive Area; Olympic National Park; Mount Ellinor; Duckabush River; Mount Olympus; Mount Constance. Elk and deer hunting; salt-water fishing; trout fishing. xxvi WASHINGTON SNOW PEAKS (see Tour ob), Olympic National Forest and Olym- pic National Park. Quilcene River, Elwha River, Dungeness River, Dosewallips River; lake and river fishing. Mount Angeles; Deer Park skiing area; forest camps; horse and foot trail trips. Olympic Hot Springs. LAKE CRESCENT (see Tour 9b), Olympic National Forest. Lake Crescent, Lake Sutherland; Beardslee trout at Crescent. Sol Due Hot Springs, Bogachiel, Calawah, Soleduck, and Ioh Rivers. Olympic Na- tional Park; few trails in western section, several in eastern; logging operations. QUINAULT LAKE (see Tour 9c), Olympic National Forest. Trail riders' trip, 13 days by horseback; start and finish at Graves Creek Inn, near Lake Quinault; guides necessary; fishing, alpining, photographing; hike over Anderson Glacier, climb to summit of Mount Christie, Olym- pic National Park. Season: mid-June to mid-September. First Tenth to fourteenth Fourteenth Twenty-second Twenty-second Twenty-second Twenty-third Third week No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date Twenty-ninth Third week Fourth week Third and fourth wecks Third Thirteenth Seventeenth First week SZANGUAGEMEN Calendar of Events JANUARY from Seattle to Tacoma at Spokane at Spokane at Marietta (Lummi Reservation) at Swinomish Reser- vation at Tulalip Reser- vation at Spokane at Scattle at Mount Rainier at Seattle at Guler (Klickitat County) FEBRUARY at Spokane at Cle Elum at Odessa at Leavenworth GUNNILINIRINGA. MARCH at Snoqualmie Pass at Deer Park at Snoqualmie Summit at T'acoma Annual Midwinter Yacht Cruise Roller Canary Show Intermediate Ski Council Meet Treaty Day Powwow Treaty Day Powwow Treaty Day Powwow Ski Jumping Competition at Wandemere Mining Institute, Univers- ity of Washington Winter Sports Carnival Institute of Washington State Press Association Ski and Toboggan Tourna- ment Inland Empire Stock Show Ski Tournament Spring Breeding Cattle Sale Ski Jumping Tournament Mountaineers' Twenty-two- Mile Ski Patrol Race Ski Tournament Snoqualmie Pass Four-way Ski Championship Philharmonic Season Opens First week No fixed date No fixed date Easter Sunday Easter Sunday First Twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh First week First week Second week Third week No fixed date First week First week First week First week Third week Fourth week No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date Twentieth Second werk Third week at Spokane at Seattle at Seattle at Blaine State-wide APRIL State-wide at Port Townsend at Spokane at Mount Rainier at Lynden at Mount Rainier at Auburn (Muckleshoot) at Tacoma, Sumner, and Puyallup at Seattle alternates alternates MAY at Seattle at Spokane at Seattle at Spokane at Spokane at Tacoma at Wenatchee at Bremerton at Pullman at Republic JUNE Inland Empire Shorthorn Breeders' Show Northwest A.A.U. Basket. ball Championships State High School Basket- ball Championships International Service at Peace Arch Easter Sunrise Service Fishing Season Opens Rhododendron Festival and Carnival Inland Empire Manse Frolic Spring Ski Carnival Daffodil Festival Silver Skis Championship Indian Festival Puyallup Valley Daffodil Festival All-City Flower Show Inland Empire Junior Live. stock Show Northwest Yachting Season Dog Show Opens All-Breeds Sportsmen's Show Yacht Club Races Apple Blossom Festival Olympican Caravan Tour of Olympic Peninsula State High School Track Championships Festival and Flag Day Repertory Playhouse Sum- mer Drama Festival Opens State Golf Championships Pacific Northwest Golf As sociation Championships No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date First to fourth First to fifth First Second Third Fourth Second week Third week Third week Third week Fourth week Fourth weck Fourth week No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date Fourteenth Twentieth- Twenty-fourth Twenty-sixth Second week Third week Fourth week at Okanogan at Seattle at Keller at Bellevue at Spokane at Tacoma CALENDAR OF EVENT S xxix Pet Parade Annual Meeting Washing- ton State Press Association Indian Salmon Derby Strawberry Festival Junior Chamber of Com- merce Stampede Rodeo Salmon Fishing Derby Finals at La Push alternates at Taholah at Blaine at Seattle at Chelan at Toledo at Tacoma JULY at Seattle at Seattle at Ferndale at Mount Vernon at Seattle at White Swan alternates at Yakima at Seattle at Scattle at Centralia (alternates) AUGUST at Seattle at Chehalis-Centralia at Neah Bay at Chelan at Omak at Shelton Indian Festival Pacific International Yacht Association Regatta Treaty Day Powwow International Flag Day, Peace Arch Sixty-day Horse Racing Sea- son Opens at Longacres Lake Chelan Rodeo Northwest Tennis Checse Day Pacific Championships Fleet Week Navy Crew Regatta Old Settlers' Picnic Hickory Hat Days State Tennis Tournament Yakima Indians' Tribal Council Senior (over 60) Golf Tournament Outboard Regatta on Bump- ing Lake Puget Sound-Nanaimo, B.C., Power Boat Race Rock Garden Flower Show, Woodland Park Pioneer Days Celebration Air Show at Boeing Field Southwest Washington Fair Makah Indian Festival Lake Chelan Regatta Omak Stampede Farmers' Day Fourth week Fourth week No fixed date No fixed date No fixed date First Tenth-Thirteenth Eleventh Labor Day Labor Day Labor Day Labor Day Second week Fourth week Fourth week No fixed date No fixed date First Twenty-seventh Thirty-first No fixed date No fixed date Eleventh No fixed date Last two weeks Last Saturday be- fore Christmas Twenty-fifth at endale at Walla Walla at Coupeville at Seattle at Bellingham at Port Townsend at Lyndon at Seattle SEPTEMBER at Conconully at Spokane at Ellensburg at Port Angeles at Colfax at Puyallup at Bellingham at Spokane at Yakima OCTOBER State-wide at Bremerton at Spokane at Spokane and Seattle at Seattle State-wide at Tacoma Jamboree Southeastern Washington Fair NOVEMBER DECEMBER at Toppenish at Okanogan International Indian War Canoe Races Seward Park Outboard Regatta State Gladioli Show Clambake and Pioneer Day Northwest Washington Fair Salmon Derby Finals Pioneer Picnic Three weeks Horse Racing Meet opens at Playfair Roleo Salmon Fishing Derby Finals Roundup Western Washington Fair Harvest Festival Inland Empire Kennel Show Central Washington District Fair Hunting Season Opens Navy Day Halloween Festival Ice Hockey Season Opens Symphony Season Opens Armistice Day; Admission Day Symphony Season Opens Indian Christmas Cere monial Christmas Festival State-wide (For dates of county fairs see Cities and Tours.) Christmas Day Services